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haroon ICS > haroon immunology > Flashcards

haroon immunology Flashcards

1
Q

what cells come from common myeloid progenitor

A

megakaryocyte
erythrocyte
mast cell
myeloblast

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2
Q

what is the OG cell called

A

haematocytoblast

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3
Q

what cells come from myeloblast

A

eisonophil
basophil
neutrophil
monocyte –> macropghage

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4
Q

what cells come from common lymphoid progenito

A

NK cell
lymphocytes

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5
Q

what cells come from lymphocytes

A

T cell
B cell –> plasma cell

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6
Q

are dendritic cells haematopenic

A

no they are antigen presenting cells of mesenchymal origin

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7
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow
thymus

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8
Q

secondary lympohoid organs

A

lymph nodes
spleen

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9
Q

where do all cells originate

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

wjhat happens at spleen

A

RBC recyclng, encapsulated bacterual killing

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11
Q

where do T cells matuee

A

thymus

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12
Q

where do B cells mayuee

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

physical barriers in innate immnity

A

skin
mucus
cilia

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14
Q

chemical barriers in innate immnity

A

lysosoyme in tears
stomach acid

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15
Q

3 complement system pathways

A

classical
lectin
alternare

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16
Q

3 ways complement system destroys foriegn antigens

A
  1. direct lysis using MAC
  2. opsoinisation using C3B protein
  3. inflammation using C3a + C5a
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17
Q

what receptro is on neutrophils

A

CD66

all granulocytes have this

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18
Q

circulating vs resident macrophages

A

resident - reside in tissues
eg kuppfer cells anf alveolar macrophage

circulaation - circulate in blood

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19
Q

function of macrophages

A

clear apoptopic debris

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20
Q

what do macrophages contain

A

TLR’s
complement receptors
antibodies bound by Fc component

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21
Q

what do eisonophils contain

A

major basic protein MBP

seen in parasitic infection

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22
Q

difference betwene basophils and mast cells

A

basophils - circulate in body

mast cels - fixed in tissues

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23
Q

how do basophils and mast cells work

A

t1 hypersensitivity

  1. ige binding
  2. degranulation
  3. histamine release
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24
Q

how do nK Cells work

A

secretre perforin to kill viral infection cells

also cause self cell killing and malignant cell killing

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25
Q

2 main types of receptor

A

TOLL like receptors
NOD like recepors

they respond to PAMPS and DAMPS

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26
Q

what does TLR2 detect

A

gram positive bacteria + TB

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27
Q

most important TLR

A

TLR 4 - LPS on gram negatve bacteria

28
Q

what is TLR 5

29
Q

what is TLR 7

A

intracellualr RNA

30
Q

what is tLR 8

A

intracellualr

31
Q

what is tLR 9

A

methylated DNA, intracellukar

32
Q

how does TLR 4 cause phagocytosis

A
  1. activated by LPS of gram negative bacteria
  2. lectins in blood bind pathogen
  3. trigger immune response
  4. activate complement, stimulate cytokine release
  5. increase phagocytosis
33
Q

best APC

A

DENDRITIC CELLS

others are macrophages and b cells

34
Q

what do APC do

A

present foreign antigen to t helper cell

to stimulate further Th proliferation and b cell antibody production

35
Q

what is immune synapse

A

its what forms when dendiritic cell and t helper cell communicat

36
Q

3 conditions that mujst be met for immune synpase to function

A
  1. receptor binding
  2. co stimulation
  3. cytokine release
37
Q

what do CD8 intrract with

A

MHC I

cause cytotoxic killing by perforin secretion and expressing facl to activate caspases

38
Q

what do CD4 interact with

A

MHC II

t hehlper 1 = activate nk cells and macrophages = innate

t helper 2 = activate b cells to differentiate into plasma cells = adaptive

39
Q

what induces b cell proliferation

40
Q

what induces b cell differental into plasma cells

41
Q

whyat is somatic hypermutation

A

when u get point mutations in IG as evolutionary neasure

42
Q

what is class switching

A

induce mutations tat change one ig type into another

43
Q

where is iga found

A

mucosal lining amd breast milk

forms DIMER

44
Q

what is the first ig released in adaptive rrlrase

A

igm

forms pentamer

45
Q

where are MHC coded

A

chromosome 6

46
Q

2 functions of MHC

A
  1. INTERACT WITH T CELLS
  2. CONFER SUSCPEITBILITY TO INHERITED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES EG HLA
47
Q

HLA B27

A

spondyloarthropathies

48
Q

HLA DR2/DQ3

49
Q

HLA DQ2/DQD

50
Q

HLA B8

51
Q

what happens in t2 hypersenititiy

A

antigen antibody complex

iGg/iGm binds to antigen
activates MAC

52
Q

what happens in t3 hypersentiivuty

A

immune complex deposition
iGg/iGm binds to antigen and actuvates complemt at site of deposition

53
Q

what happens in t4 hypersenitity

A

t cell mediated
th1 actuvated by apc
cytotoxic killing occurs

54
Q

what happens in t5 hypersnsitibty

A

igg or igm binds to csm and prevents/stimulates endogenous action

eg graves

55
Q

what is low C3 and C4 asscoiated wirh

56
Q

WHAT IS HYPOSPLENISM

A

lack of spleen function

57
Q

what kind of immunity are vaccines

A

artificial active

58
Q

what is pfizer biotech covid vaccine

59
Q

what are 2 doses of vaccine known as

A
  1. prime
  2. booster
60
Q

types of vaccines

A
  • live attenuated
  • antigens
  • toxins
  • CW constituents
61
Q

what antibodies in vaccine

A
  1. initially igm
  2. if psthogen encounteeed again - igg spike
62
Q

what is natyral actuve immuntiy

A

when u acc get the disease and body produced memory cells after infection

63
Q

what is ariticial active immnity

A

when vaccine mimcs pathogen and stimulates ig prodution

64
Q

what is passove ntural immunity

A

when maternal ig passed to baby in breast milk

65
Q

what is passive artificial immunity

A

ANTIVENOM

injection of ig from another organism

haroon ICS (3 decks)

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