Harmony Flashcards
What is conjunct motion in melody?
When pitches move step-wise to one another
Diminished intervals in a melodic line should be followed by what motion?
Conjunct in the opposite direction
What is “close position” in 4-voice harmony?
When the interval between the Soprano and Tenor voices in simple.
What is “open position” in 4-voice harmony?
When the interval between the Soprano and Tenor voices is compound.
Are compound intervals permitted between the Tenor and Bass voices in 4-part harmony?
Yes.
What is indirect motion?
When 2 parts move in dissimilar directions
What is contrary motion?
Indirect motion in which the 2 parts move in opposite directions.
What is oblique motion?
Indirect motion where one part sustains while the other moves.
What is direct motion?
When 2 parts move in the same direction.
What is similar motion?
Direct motion that occurs when 2 parts move in the same direction producting different harmonic intervals.
What is parallel motion?
Direct motion in which 2 parts move in the same direction producing the same harmonic interval.
Which notes are tonal in major and minor keys?
tonic, subdominant and dominant
Which notes are modal in major and minor keys?
leading tone, mediant and submediant
Name the primary triads in a key?
built on tonic, subdominant and dominant
Name the secondary triads in a key.
built on supertonic, mediant, submediant and subtonic
What are the 2 parts of a period?
antecedent phrase and consequent phrase
Define perfect authentic cadence.
Cadence with both the dominant and tonic chords in root position and the tonic note in the soprano in final chord.
Define Imperfect Authentic Cadence.
Like perfect, but with an inverted chord and/or no tonic in the soprano voice.
Define plagal cadence.
When the dubdominant chord progresses to the tonic.
Define half cadence.
Cadence on a dominant chord.
List the acceptable chord successions for primary triads in root position.
I to IV or V; IV to V or I; V to I; V to IV if immediately followed by V
What is the figured bass abbreviation for a first inversion triad with the root doubled?
6/3 or 6
What is the figured bass for a first inversion triad with the 5th doubled?
6/3/3
What is the figured bass for a first inversion triad with the 3rd doubled?
8/6/3
What is a Phrygian Cadence?
A form of half cadence in a minor key created by the progression of iv6 to V# with subdominant to dominant voice leading in the soprano
What are second inversion chords commonly called?
6/4 chords
Which scale degree should be doubled in second inversion triads?
The fifth
What are the types of 6/4 chords?
Cadential, passing, auxiliary, arpeggiated
What is a cadential 6/4?
A second inversion tonic chord that moves to a dominant chord at a cadence.
What is a passing 6/4?
When a second inversion chord appears between a root position and first inversion of another chord. It must appear in a weak rhythmic position.
What is an auxiliary 6/4?
Also called a pedal 6/4, it occurs between 2 root positions of the same chord where the fifth of the auxiliary 6/4 is the same as the root of the other chord.
What is an arpeggiated 6/4?
When the second inversion of a chord is immediately preceded or followed by the same chord in root position or first inversion.
How should the 7th of a dominant 7th chord be approached?
NOT by disjunct motion from above
What is the figured bass for a root position dominant 7 chord?
7/5/3 or 7/5/#3; abbreviated at 7 or 7/#
What does the figured bass of 8/7/3 represent?
Doubled root and omitted 5th in a root position dominant 7th chord.
Name the types of non-harmonic tones.
Diatonic passing tone, accented passing tone, chromatic passing tone, double passing tone, chromatically altered passing tone, upper auxiliary, lower auxiliary, changing tone, cambiata, echappee, suspension, appogiatura, anticipation, pedal
Define diatonic passing tone.
Non harmonic tone that fills the interval between 2 chord tones a third apart and occurs in a weak rhythmic position.
Define accented passing tone.
Same as diatonic passing tone but in a strong rhythmic position.
Define chromatic passing tone.
Non harmonic tone that fills the interval between 2 chord tones a major second apart.
Define double passing tones.
2 notes that fill the interval of a perfect 4th between 2 chord tones and occurs on a weak beat.
Define chromatically altered passing tone.
Fills the interval of a 3rd between 2 chord tones using an accidental.
Define upper auxiliary.
Non harmonic tone a step above 2 chord tones of the same pitch and used on a weak beat.
Define lower auxiliary.
Non harmonic tone a step below 2 chord tones of the same pitch and used on a weak beat.
Define changing tones.
2 non harmonic tones approaching a chord tone, one above and one below. The first must be in a weak position.
Define cambiata.
Non harmonic tone approached by disjunct motion in 1 direction and resolved by conjunct motion in the opposite.
Define echappe.
Escape tone. Non harmonic tone approached by conjunct motion in one direction and left by disjunct motion in the opposite direction.
Define suspension.
A chord tone in the first chord that is sustained or repeated as a non chord tone in the second chord.
What is a retardation?
Upward resolution of a suspension.
Define appogiatura.
Non harmonic tone a step above or below a chord tone - a suspension without preparation.
Define anticipation.
A non chord tone that becomes a chord tone in the following chord.
Define pedal.
Non harmonic tone of long duration that is held throughout several chord changes and must begin and end as a chord tone.
Group 1 chords
Dominant function :
Major dominant
Diminished leading tone
Group 2 chords
Subdominant function:
Subdominant
Supertonic
Group 3 chords
Submediant
May have a tonic function
Group 4 chords
Mediant
May have tonic or dominant function
What is an established tonic chord?
When a dominant function chord progresses to the tonic
How do chords generally progress?
From left to right through each successive group
What is elision?
A progression that occurs when one chord group is skipped in left to right movement. Must be followed by normal chord progression.
Define neutral tonic.
When a tonic chord appears between any 2 chords in a progression or between 2 positions of the same chord.
Define retrogression
When chords move from right to left on the chord chart.
