Hardware And Software Flashcards
an electronic data processing
device which
- accepts and stores data input,
- processes data input, and
- generates the output in a required
format.
Computer
Brain of the computer
Cpu
Performs data processing
operations
Cpu
interface between
hardware and software
Cpu
performs arithmetic and logical operations
Arithmetic and logic unit
temporary storage for instructions or data
within the processor
Registers Memory Unit
collects the result of
computations
Accumulator
keeps track of
where a given instruction or piece of data is
stored in memory
Address Register
temporarily holds
data taken from or about to be sent to
memory
Storage register
literally directs the entire computer system to carry out,
or execute, stored program instructions
Control unit
Important Functions of CPU in Instruction Cycle
Fetch, Decode, Execute, store
A memory space that serves as a buffer between the CPU and the
RAM.
Cache
the main printed circuit board (PCB) that connects all
the other components of the computer
Motherboard
mounting portion wherein
cpu are placed
Cpu socket
for the system’s main
memory, typically in the form of DRAM chips
Memory module slots
an interface between the CPU,
the main memory and other components
North bridge
controls the input and output
(I/O) functions
Southbridge
Slots for one or more hard drives to store files
Integrated drive electronics and serial advanced technology attachment
A read-only memory (ROM) chip,
which contains the firmware, or startup
instructions for the computer system
Bios chip
CPU Socket types
Pin, Land and Ball Grid
It is the space where
data and instructions are stored.
Memory(Random Access Memory
Three types of memory
Cache, Primary or Main memory and Secondary memory
contains
data for POST (Power on Self Test);
make sure that all the components are
functioning properly
ROM
the
computer’s temporary storage area so
that the CPU can access information
more easily
RAM
This is the type of ROM
for which the data is written during
the manufacturing of the memory
chip
Mask rom
The data is written after
the memory chip has been created.
It is non-volatile.
PROM
The data on this non-volatile memory
chip can be erased by exposing it to high-intensity
UV light
Eprom
The data on this non-volatile
memory chip can be electrically erased using field
electron emission
Eeprom
It stores a bit
of data using the state of a six
transistor memory cell. SRAM is
way faster than DRAM but costlier
Sram
It stores a
bit data using a pair of transistor and
capacitor which constitute a DRAM
memory cell
Dram
have a 168-pin connector and has a 64-bit path.
DIMM
available in
both a 72-pin and 144-pin configuration, mainly for
laptop memory.
Simm
is a
mechanical non-volatile computer
storage device containing magnetic
disks or platters rotating at high speeds.
Connects to the motherboard using an
ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable, and are
powered by a connection to the PSU
(power supply unit).
Hard disk drive
a
nonvolatile storage device that
stores persistent data on solid-state
flash memory (NAND)
Solid state drive
Hardware components
CPU
RAM
Motherboard
Case
Psu
Expansion card(video, sound, lan)
Storage devices(Hard disk Solid state Drives)
System Cooling(Case fan, Cpu Fan, Liquid cooling)
Includes all the programs that
help the computer function properly
System software
consists of all the programs
you can use to perform a task such as writing a
research paper or browsing the web
Application software
Designed to work with a specific type of
hardware.
• Its most important role lies in coordinating the
variousfunctions of the computer’s hardware
Operating system
users must
interact with the computer by typing
instructions at the keyboard, one line at a
time
CLI
users interact
with the computer by choosing items from
menus and using a pointing device to click on
pictures, called icons, which represent various
computer resources and commands.
GUI
Used to keep the computer system running
smoothly.
System utilities
Developed by programmers to meet the
specific needs of an organization, such as a
company or a university
Custom software
Aimed at a mass market that includes home as
well as business users
Package software
enable you to
create, edit, and print your written work. Offer
commands to format your documents so that
they have an attractive appearance.
Word processing programs
present users with a
grid of rows and columns, the computer
equivalent of an accountant’s worksheet
Spreadsheet programs
enables the user to
create transparencies, slides and handouts for
oral presentations.
Presentation graphics
gives you the tools
necessary to store data in an organized form,
as well as to retrieve this data in such a way
that it can be meaningfully summarized and
displayed
Database programs
