HARDWARE Flashcards
1
Q
How do you increase the performance of your Windows System?
A
How do you increase the performance of your Windows System?
- Delete junk or temp files in hardware
- Delete Obsolete files
- Delete unused apps
- Scan and remove Malware
- Verify if fully updated or patched
- Troubleshoot and fix issues inbuilt in the Windows troubleshoot tool
- Find and fix corrupted and defective files
- Fix corrupted file system files and hard drive issues
2
Q
What is a Driver?
A
Driver: It is a software that enables the OS to communicate with hardware. Every hardware has a driver. Nowadays drivers are incorporated into OS
3
Q
What is a Third Party Software or Custom Software?
A
Third Party Software or Custom Software:- It is the software that was not bundled with the OS by the Vendor; It is the software that was loaded later
4
Q
What is a Proprietary Software?
A
Proprietary Software: It is the bundle software provided by the vendor that came with the OS eg. Windows 10, Windows Defender, etc
5
Q
What is a NIC (Network Interface Card)?
A
NIC (Network Interface Card): - It enables your system to communicate to your network
6
Q
What is a Hard Driver?
A
Hard Driver: It is the software that enables the NIC (Network Interface Card) to Communicate with the OS
7
Q
What is the Bluescreen of Death?
A
Bluescreen of Death: Bluescreen that shows up when OS loading on system and freezes there
Troubleshoot Blue screen of Death:-
Once in a while your driver can be corrupted by :
- A virus (malware etc)
- A defective hardware (eg. Defective RAM. Keyboard, etc)
- Software Related problem and you can re-install the driver (Go to Vendor Website and download and install the software)
- If Driver is good: Is it a
a. Motherboard problem
b. Port problem
c. Motherboard driver is not up to date
8
Q
What is a motherboard?
A
- MOTHERBOARD
Motherboard: It is the backbone of the computer.
It is the main hardware component in a system that connects all other components together. Everything in your system is connected to the motherboard.
A Desktop motherboard can be replaced.
A Laptop motherboard is harder to replace
9
Q
What is a System driver?
A
A system driver: It is a software that enables the OS to connect to hardware. Each hardware component in the computer has a driver
10
Q
What is a Device Manager?
A
Device Manager: It is an application that enables user to view and manage system hardware and contains a list of hardware that are operating and communicating with the OS. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is highlighted in the Device Manager app for the user to deal with.
Go to: - Right click Start/Select Device Manager
11
Q
List 4 Hard Drive Vendors
A
Hard Drive Vendors:
- ST Seagate
- Intel
- WDC – Western Digital Company
- Toshiba
12
Q
List 4 other names for a Motherboard
A
Other Names for a Motherboard:
- MB
- Mobo (most commonly used name)
- System board
- Logic Board
13
Q
List 7 Motherboard Manufacturers?
A
Motherboard Manufacturers
- ASUS
- ASRock
- Intel
- ABIT
- MSI
- Gigabyte
- Bioster
14
Q
What are Motherboard Peripheral ports?
A
Side ports on computer
15
Q
List different Types of Port?
A
TYPES OF PORTS
TYPES “Shape”
Type A Rectangular Type B Square Type C Oblong Apple Lightning ports Mini- A Rectangular Mini- B Square
16
Q
What is a USB?
A
USB (Universal Serial Bus ): - It is used to
- connect external storage or
- input and output devices to the system or
- power small electronic devices
17
Q
What is a SOP?
A
SOP (Standard Operating Procedure): - It is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations. SOPs aim to achieve efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance, while reducing miscommunication and failure to comply with industry regulations.
18
Q
Which port Components are Male?
A
Port Connectors – Male components - Fit into the female components
Port Connectors – Male components
19
Q
Which port Components are Female?
A
Ports – Female components – Receive the male components
Ports – Female components
20
Q
What is teh difference between Ethernet and Internet?
A
Ethernet: - It is the term used to describe LAN and WAN wired technology eg, cables, switches, routers etc
Internet: - It is a combination of LANS connected together sharing information spanning the globe
21
Q
What is Ethernet?
A
ETHERNET PORTS
Also known as Network port or Network Connector or Network Controller or Network Interface Card (NIC)
Ethernet: - It is the term used to describe LAN and WAN wired technology eg, cables, switches, routers etc
22
Q
What is a bit?
A
A bit: - It is a binary unit; It is the smallest unit of data stored on a computer
23
Q
What is a byte?
A
A byte: - It is the smallest unit of data that can store 1 ASCII character eg “h”
24
Q
What is Base T Signaling?
A
Base T: - Base band Signaling that only ethernet technology carries
25
List 3 Type of Ethernet Technology and their Technology
Ethernet Technology Maximum Speed Notes:
10 base T 10 mbps Megabyte Ethernet; Obsolete
100 base T 100 mbps Megabyte Ethernet
1000 base T 1gbps – 10gbps Gigabyte Ethernet
26
What is the maximum speed of Ethernet?
10gbps
27
What is an HDMI Port?
HDMI Port (High Definition Multimedia Interface)
It is a proprietary audio and video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed and uncompressed audio data.
It is the best display port used to connect a monitor to a system.
It transmits both video and audio signals.
It transmits digital signals.
28
How many gigabytes in a TerraByte
1000
29
How many kilobytes in a MegaByte
1000
30
Troubleshooting a wireles NIC
You can replace a wireless NIC in 5 minutes, Not so for a hardwired NIC.
In Desktop, Ethernet NIC is hardwired to the motherboard
If a problem with NIC in this system occurs, you have to replace motherboard because if a hardwired NIC is not working due to circuit issues it may spread to the rest of the motherboard in no time affecting the CPU and RAM and causing the server to shut down. Most companies would rather get a new motherboard
Before your could use a PCI card slot (only fits PCI slots) and can fix NIC by replacing with a PCI card slot. But now have to replace whole motherboard
31
How many bits ina a Byte?
8
32
Computer Data Storage Units
Computer Data Storage Units
Unit (Data Storage units) Conversion Unit
8 bits 1 Byte
1000 bytes 1 kb
1000 kilobytes 1 mb
1000 megabytes 1 gb
1000 gigabytes 1 Tb
33
What is a repeater?
Repeater: - It extends the range for wifi or ethernet by boosting signal another 100 m (for ethernet);
It is also know as a signal booster or range extender
34
What is the Difference between Cat 7 and Cat 6 ethernet cables?
Cat 7 – uses different alloy from Cat 6 which transmits more electricity
Repeater: - extends the range for wifi or ethernet by boosting signal another 100 m (for ethernet); also know as a signal booster or range extender
35
What is the maximum range of ethernet cables?
100m (328 ft)
This is the longest cable for ethernet technology, Can use a repeater to extend the range
36
How do you tell if it is a Megabyte NIC or a Gigabyte NIC?
Right click Start bar/Device Manager/Network adapters/click arrow
Adapter will have a GBE in name or FE
FE – Fast Ethernet – 100mb – Megabyte NIC
GBE – Gigabyte Ethernet – Gigabyte – Gigabyte NIC
37
What is the difference between HDMI and DVI-D?
What is the difference between HDMI and DVI-D?
HDMI – Transmits audio and visual signals
DVI – Transmits only video
```
Different Types of HDMI Ports
Standard
Mini
Micro
See Week 4 Image
IMAGES
IMAGes
```
38
List the different types of HDMI Ports?
Different Types of HDMI Ports:
Standard
Mini
Micro
39
Where is the Ethernet NIC located?
Ethernet NIC – located on the side of the computer
| IMAGES
40
Compare Ethernet versus Phone Tecnology?
Ethernet Versus Phone Technology
Ethernet Phone
Connector (ports) RJ45 RJ11
Cables Cat 5, 5e, 6 & 7 Cat 3
41
What is the difference between HDMI and DVI-D?
What is the difference between HDMI and DVI-D?
HDMI – Transmits audio and visual signals
DVI – Transmits only video
42
What is the range?
Range: - It is how far the data can travel from the system
43
What is the Medium:
Medium: - material used to transmit data
44
What is the mode?
It Is the form that the data is transmitted in through the cables
45
List Ethernet Connectors and their Maximum Speeds
Ethernet Connectors and Technology
Cable Max Speed Ethernet Technology
Cat 5 100mbps 10 base T (Max speed 10mbps)
100 base T (Max speed 100mbps)
Cat 5e 1gbps 10 base T (Max speed 10mbps)
100 base T (Max speed 100mbps)
1000 base T (Max speed 10gbps)
Only uses up to 1gbps of 1000 base T
Cat 6 & 7 10gbps 10 base T (Max speed 10mbps)
100 base T (Max speed 100mbps)
1000 base T (Max speed 10gbps)
Mainly used for transmitting greater
than 1 gb Base T
46
What is a DVI Port?
DVI Port (Digital Visual Interface)
It is a video display interface used to connect a monitor to a system
47
List the different Types of video display Ports?
DVI
HDMI
VGA
48
List some differences between the different DVI Ports?
DVI-I
DVI-A
DVI-D
DVI PORT SIGNAL
DVI - A Analog Signals < 720p
DVI - I Integrated; Both analog and Digital signals
DVI-D Digital Signals >720p
DVI VISUAL GUIDE
DVI- D Single Link 9 ______ 9 ------ pin
DVI- D Dual Link 9 9 9 ------ pin
DVI- I Single Link 9 ______ 9 4 pins
DVI- I Dual Link 9 9 9 4 pins
DVI- A Single Link 8 ______ 4 4 pins
49
What is a VGA Port?
1. VGA Port (Visual Graphical Array)
It is a 15 pin port used to connect a monitor to a system.
It was developed in 1987 by IBM and has a resolution of 64x480pixels
50
Describe 2 Network Storage Solutions?
NETWORK STORAGE SOLUTIONS
NAS: Network Attached Storage: - Ethernet connector
SAN: Storage Area Network: - typically a fibre channel connector
51
What is the difference between incremental, differential and full backupo?
Incremental backup: - Back up organizational data in batches (successive copies) that only include data that has been updated since last back up (not full back up)eg back up for that day each day
Full backup: - Back up of organizational data in a single batch backup operation
A differential backup: is a type of data backup that preserves data, saving only the difference in the data since the last full backup.
52
What is an Incremental backup?
A differential backup: is a type of data backup that preserves data, saving only the difference in the data since the last full backup.
53
What is an Differential backup?
A differential backup: is a type of data backup that preserves data, saving only the difference in the data since the last full backup.
54
What is the Maximum Speed of Fibre Optics Technology?
MAXIMUM SPEED OF Fibre Optics Technology: 100 tbps
55
What is the Maximum Speed of Fibre Optics Technology?
MAXIMUM RANGE OF Fibre Optics Technology: 20 Km (also has repeaters)
56
What is the Medium of Fibre Optics Transmission?
MEDIUM OF Fibre Optics TRANSMISSION: Fibre Glass (Glass)
57
What is the Mode of Fibre Optics Transmission?
MODE OF Fibre Optics Technology TRANSMISSSION: Light pulses
58
What is a Fibre Optics Port?
FIBRE OPTICS PORT
Transmits data into and out of a system using fibre optics technology
It is used for:
• High Speed data Transfer
• Connecting LANS together into a WAN scenario
59
List the 4 Properties of a Fibre Optics Port?
Properties of Fibre Optics:
MAXIMUM SPEED : 100 tbps
MAXIMUM RANGE : 20 Km (also has repeaters)
MEDIUM OF TRANSMISSION: Fibre Glass (Glass)
MODE OF TRANSMISSSION: Light pulses
60
List some advantages of Fibre Optics Technology?
In comparison:
Ethernet max Speed and Range = 10gbps and 100 m
WIFI Max Speed and Range = 5 gbps and 46 km
Fibre Optics Speed and Range = 100 tbps and 20Km
Fibre Optic – Is designed to withstand harsh weather as glass is not affected by water; Good for transmitting data outside; Transmits data really fast as the speed of light 3 x 10^8 m/s
Copper – affected by magnets or electromagnetic waves interrupting flow of data; Plastic casing to prevent water from getting in and insulate from electromagnetic waves; prone to corrosion, never have IT equipment in electrical closet (electromagnetic waves)
Lots of companies use fibre for back up backbone – as large amounts data can be transmitted faster so can back up everything for that day and not miss anything
61
What is a Full Backup?
Full backup: - Back up of organizational data in a single batch backup operation
62
What is a Peripheral port?
A Side port
63
WHat is the MOde of transmission of WLAN Technology?
Radiowaves
64
What Medium does WLAN Technology use?
Radiowaves
65
List properties of WLAN Technology?
MAXIMUM SPEED OF WLAN: 5ghz for 802.11 ac
MAXIMUM RANGE OF WLAN: 46 meters for 2.4 ghz and 15.4 m for 5ghz
MEDIUM OF WLAN TRANSMISSION: Radiowaves
MODE OF WLAN TRANSMISSSION: Radiowaves
66
Compare WIFI and WLAN
WIFI PORT OR CONNECTOR OR ADAPTOR
Wifi: _ Wireless Fidelity
WLAN – Wireless LAN Port – term used to refer to wifi at work; It is found inside your system. It is responsible for transmitting data to and from the system via radiowaves
Hardwired: - Permanently attached to the motherboard
Downtime: not working and still paid (due to network crash etc)
TROUBLESHOOTING OF WIFI OR WLAN NIC
IMAGES
IMAGES
How can you troubleshoot a defective NIC?
System is not connecting to network
1. Check if it is a software related problem: Check Driver and OS
2. Go to the NIC vendor and reinstall driver from the vendor
3. CHECK if it is a hardware problem (defective cable, port or NIC) Check if it is a defective cable problem – unplug CAT NIC cable and connect it to another system, and if it works then the cable has no problem
4. Check if it is a defective port issue – Unplug cable from port and connect into another port, if it is working then it is not the port
5. Check if the NIC is defective – Use USB to RJ45 adapter and connect CAT to a new USB port if it works (and you’ve checked all other possibilities outlined above) then its likely the NIC is defective
WLAN PROPERTIES: TECHNOLOGY AND MAXIMUM SPEED
WLAN Technology Maximum Speed
802.11b 11mbps
802.11 a/g 54mbps
802.11 n 600 mbps
802.11 ac 5gbps
Internet speed has to do with bandwidth provided by ISP (Internet Service Provider)
This WLAN Maximum Speed is the maximum speed that WIFI data can be transmitted within your network
For superspeed in home use AC technology for everything
HOW DO WE VERIFY WHICH WLAN TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE IN THE SYSTEM
Go to
Right click Start bar/Device Manager/Network Adapters/Click Arrow
Displays list of wireless adapters
Check if you can see AC (802.11 ac), C (802.11 ac), N (802.11 n), BGN (802.11 n
IMAGES
IMAGES
WLAN FREQUENCY AND RANGE
WIFI FREQUENCY MAX RANGE NOTES
2.4 ghz 46 meters Slower data transmission rate
Longer transmission range
Weaker wavelength
5 ghz 15.4 meters Faster transmission of data (faster rate)
Shorter transmission Range
Stronger wavelength
WIFI has a repeater than can extend the range (doubles the range capacity of whatever WIFI frequency is being used 5ghz wifi with a repeater will extent to 30.8 meters)
HOME ROUTER
IMAGES
IMAGES
67
List 3 Type sof WLAN NICs
3 TYPES OF WIFI OR WLAN NIC
1. Wireless NIC
2. USB to WLAN Adapter NIC
3. W9 PCI Card
68
What is a WPS?
WPS – Device used to allow system connect to devices without using a router; Vulnerable as can easily be hacked into
69
What is a Password Policy?
Password Policy: When Admin Sets parameters to minimize password security breaches, eg.
1. Enforce a Password Length Rule
2. Enforce Password Complexity Rule
3. Enforce a Password Aging Rule (update pw frequency parameter)
70
Compare WIFI and WLAN
WIFI PORT OR CONNECTOR OR ADAPTOR
Wifi: _ Wireless Fidelity
WLAN – Wireless LAN Port – term used to refer to wifi at work; It is found inside your system. It is responsible for transmitting data to and from the system via radiowaves
71
What is WEP Security?
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy • Least secure
• Easy to hack
• Obsolete
72
What is WPA Security?
WPA Wifi Protected Access • More Secure
73
What is WPA2 Security?
WPA2 WIFI Protected Access Version 2 • Most Secure
74
How many volts of electricity can you get from a USB port?
5 Volts
O-------------O---------O------------------O USB Port
Power Data Data Grounding Pin = Pin (5Volts)
75
What is a Grounding pin?
Grounding pin: Conducts an overflow of electricity to the earth: Earthing
Eg: Power Cable connector has a grounding pin – 3rd round pin on outlet
76
What is a ESD Mart?
ESD Mart: Electrostatic Discharge – portable work area used for earthing while working on harddrives; comes with a wristband for grounding; Can use shoes with rubber soles or rubber gloves
77
What is a USB Hub?
USB HUB – USB expansion device that gives you more USB ports
78
WIFI Repeater
WIFI has a repeater than can extend the range (doubles the range capacity of whatever WIFI frequency is being used 5ghz wifi with a repeater will extent to 30.8 meters)
79
What is the maximum number of devices that a USB can connect to ?
One USB can be connect to as many as 127 devices
80
TROUBLESHOOTING A DEFECTIVE NIC?
How can you troubleshoot a defective NIC?
System is not connecting to network
1. Check if it is a software related problem: Check Driver and OS
2. Go to the NIC vendor and reinstall driver from the vendor
3. CHECK if it is a hardware problem (defective cable, port or NIC) Check if it is a defective cable problem – unplug CAT NIC cable and connect it to another system, and if it works then the cable has no problem
4. Check if it is a defective port issue – Unplug cable from port and connect into another port, if it is working then it is not the port
5. Check if the NIC is defective – Use USB to RJ45 adapter and connect CAT to a new USB port if it works (and you’ve checked all other possibilities outlined above) then its likely the NIC is defective
81
List the 4 different WLAN technology and their Maximum Speeds
WLAN PROPERTIES: TECHNOLOGY AND MAXIMUM SPEED
WLAN Technology Maximum Speed
802. 11b 11mbps
802. 11 a/g 54mbps
802. 11 n 600 mbps
802. 11 ac 5gbps
Internet speed has to do with bandwidth provided by ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Thus WLAN Maximum Speed is the maximum speed that WIFI data can be transmitted within your network
For superspeed in home use AC technology for everything
82
What does Hardwired mean?
Hardwired: - Permanently attached to the motherboard
83
What is WLAN Technology Frequency abd Range?
WLAN FREQUENCY AND RANGE
WIFI FREQUENCY MAX RANGE NOTES
2.4 ghz 46 meters Slower data transmission rate
Longer transmission range
Weaker wavelength
5 ghz 15.4 meters Faster transmission of data (faster rate)
Shorter transmission Range
Stronger wavelength
84
HOW DO WE VERIFY WHICH WLAN TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE IN THE SYSTEM?
HOW DO WE VERIFY WHICH WLAN TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE IN THE SYSTEM
Go to
Right click Start bar/Device Manager/Network Adapters/Click Arrow
Displays list of wireless adapters
Check if you can see AC (802.11 ac), C (802.11 ac), N (802.11 n), BGN (802.11 n
85
What is Downtime?
Downtime: not working and still paid (due to network crash etc)
