Hardware

Question 1

Expand CPU

Answer 1

Central Processing Unit

Question 2

What is CPU often reffered to as?

Answer 2

Brain of the computer

Question 3

Explain Fetch execute Cycle

Answer 3

Process programs and data by repeatedly fetching an instruction from memory and executing it

Question 4

What are the three main components of CPU

Answer 4

Control Unit
Arithmetic and logic unit
Immediate access store

Question 5

Explain Control Unit

Answer 5

manages the execution of instructions one at a time using fetch execute cycle

Question 6

What are the three jobs of Control Unit

Answer 6

1) decide which instruction to carry out next and fetch it from memory
2) To decode the instruction
3) to execute the instruction

Question 7

Explain ALU

Answer 7

This component carries out arithmetic calculations to be carries out(+ - * /)
Perform logical comparision
such a ‘And’ and ‘NOT

Question 8

What is a Program counter?

Answer 8

The Program counter is the CPU register that stores the address( memory location reference) for the next instruction to be fetches

Question 9

Explain the steps in Fetch Execute Cycle

Answer 9

1)The processor check the program counter to see which instruction to run next
2) the program counter gives an address value in the memory of where the next instruction is
3) The processor fetches the instruction value from its memory location
4) Once the intruction has been fetches, it needs to be decoded and executed
5) Once this is complete, the processor goes back to the program counter to find the next instruction
6) This Cycle is repeated until the program ends

Question 10

What is Fetch-Execute cycle?

Answer 10

Fetching instruction from its memory and executes it

Question 11

What is Program counter

Answer 11

CPU register that stored the address of the next instruction to be fetched

Question 12

What is an Accumulator

Answer 12

When calculations take place on data, the results are initially stored on accumulator before transferred and stored in the main memory

Question 13

What is an Instruction Register

Answer 13

stores the current instruction to be decoded and then execution

Question 14

What are the factors that influence the speed of processing
(not in our mocks)

Answer 14

Clock Speed
Cache
Processor Core

Question 15

Expand MDR

Answer 15

`Memory Data Register

Question 16

Expand MAR

Answer 16

Memory Address Register

Question 17

What is MDR

Answer 17

MDR temporarily stores data being fetched from or written memory

Question 18

What is MAR

Answer 18

MAR Temporarily stores current instruction or data

Question 19

3 Types of Internal memory

Answer 19

RAM
ROM
Cache

Question 20

Expand RAM

Answer 20

Random Access Memory

Question 21

Expand ROM

Answer 21

Read Only Memory

Question 22

Explain RAM

Answer 22

Can be read from or written
Volatile
used to hold programs and data that are currently being used(operating System)

Question 23

Explain ROM

Answer 23

Non Volatile
Can be read but not written
Used to store programs that are frequently required by the computer ( boot program)

Question 24

Explain Cache

Answer 24

Temporarily stored frequently used instructions and data

Quicker to store cache memory as it has a smaller storage capacity compared to RAM

Question 25

What does Volatile Mean?

Answer 25

Means if the computer is closed then reopened, the ROM would stay open

Question 26

Explain Immediate Access Store

Answer 26

Stores all programs and data temporarily in use