hardiness

Question 1

Kobasa and Maddi (1979) identified a personality structure consisting of what 3 aspects?

Answer 1

1. Control — hardy people see themselves as being in charge of their life, not controlled by outsides factors which they cannot control.
2. Commitment. Hardy people are involved in the world around them and have a sense of purpose.
3. Challenge. Hardy people see challenges as problems to be overcome rather than as stressors. They see change as a challenge and stressful situations as opportunities to learn rather than as a source of stress.

Question 2

Kobasa (1979)

Answer 2

males had stress assessed using SRRS. some had high stress, some high illness scores but some had unexpectedly low illness
scores indicating that a factor was mediating the effects of life events. The participants who were high on stress but low on illness, scored high on the three characteristics:
control, challenge and commitment. This shows that the level of hardiness mediates the effects of stress.

RESULTS - The level of stress depends on the individual’s perception of the event and their perception of their ability to cope with the event.

Question 3

Lifton et al. (2006)

Answer 3

found high levels of low hardiness in university drop-outs.