Happy Emotions Flashcards
agrin
adverb
in a grinning manner
airy
adjective [ADJECTIVE noun]
someone’s behaviour which is light-hearted and casual about things which some people take seriously.
Giving them an airy wave of his hand, the Commander sailed past.
graded adverb [ADVERB with verb]
‘I’ll be all right,’ he said airily. ‘Getting a new job won’t be a problem’
amazed
filled with incredulity or surprise
- I was absolutely amazed.*
- More than 50 amazed onlookers witnessed the brawl.*
- He said most of the cast was amazed by the play’s success.*
- I was amazed that I managed to do it.*
verb: amaze to overwhelm or confound with sudden surprise or wonder
amused
adjective
1. believing something to have a humorous quality
He was not amused.
Sara was not amused by Franklin’s teasing.
We were amused to see how assiduously the animal groomed its fur.
She was smiling enigmatically as if amused by some private joke.
We were amused at the antics of the chimps.
He was most amused by the story.
2. pleasantly occupied
Having pictures to colour will keep children amused for hours.
Archie kept us amused with his stories.
from a “at, to” (from Latin ad, but here probably a causal prefix) + muser “ponder, stare fixedly. Literally: to cause to ponder
Original meaning was to divert attention away from serious things, and the word meant to decieve or cheat by first occupying someone’s attention.
astonished
adjective: to be filled with sudden wonder or great surprise; amazed
* Sometimes they look as if they are astonished to see you there, sometimes they just look cross.*
astonish (v.)
c. 1300, astonien, “to stun, strike senseless,” from Old French estoner “to stun, daze, deafen, astound,” from Vulgar Latin *extonare, from Latin ex “out” (see ex-) + tonare “to thunder” (see thunder (n.)); so, literally “to leave someone thunderstruck.” The modern form (influenced by English verbs in -ish, such as distinguish, diminish) is attested from 1520s. The meaning “amaze, shock with wonder” is from 1610s.
beatific
adjective
1. displaying great happiness, calmness, etc
a beatific smile
2. of, conferring, or relating to a state of celestial happiness
from beāre to bless + facere to make = To make blessed
bemused
adjective
1, to be puzzled, confused
2, to be plunged in thought; preocupied
body language: When the boy reluctantly handed his abysmal report card to his father, the man gazed at the failing grades and then looked up in the air with a bemsued expression wondering why all of the extra tutoring had failed. HIs son peered up at his father, who had inclined his head upwards with flaring nostrils, and felt disconsolate remorse at having disappointed him.
verb
If something bemuses you, it puzzles or confuses you.
The sheer quantity of detail would bemuse even the most clear-headed author
muse (v.) “to reflect, to be absorbed in thought
the be prefix here means thoroughly (intensifier)
literally “to stand with one’s nose in the air” related to the word muzzle. Possibly a metaphor borrowing the image of a dog sniffing the air after loosing the scent.
blissful
adjective
- serenely joyful or glad
- blissful ignorance - If someone is in blissful ignorance of something unpleasant or serious, they are totally unaware of it.
**blissful combines the feelings of joy with serenity, or peacefulness
in later Old English of spiritual joy, perfect felicity, the joy of heaven;
bonhomous
full of cheerful friendliness:
*** homiedervice from homme (man)
homme derives from the IEP *dhghem- root meaning “earth.”
compare idiom: down to earth
bonhomie (n.)
“frank and simple good nature,” 1803, from French bonhomie “good nature, easy temper,” from bonhomme “good man” (with unusual loss of -m-), from bon “good” (see bon) + homme “man,” from Latin homo “man” (see homunculus). The native equivalent is goodman. Bonhomme “member of an order of begging friars” is from 1620s.
bon (adj.)
French, literally “good” (adj.), from Latin bonus “good” (see bonus). It has crossed the Channel in phrases such as bon appétit, literally “good appetite” (1860); bon-ton “good style” (1744); bon mot (1735), etc. Compare boon, bonhomie.
*dhghem-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “earth.”
It forms all or part of: antichthon; autochthon; autochthonic; bonhomie; bridegroom; camomile; chameleon; chernozem; chthonic; exhume; homage; hombre; homicide; hominid; Homo sapiens; homunculus; human; humane; humble; humiliate; humility; humus; inhumation; inhume; nemo; ombre; omerta.
It is the hypothetical source of Sanskrit ksam- “earth” (opposed to “sky”); Greek khthon “the earth, solid surface of the earth,” khamai “on the ground;” Latin humus “earth, soil,” humilis “low;” Lithuanian žeme, Old Church Slavonic zemlja “earth;” Old Irish du, genitive don “place,” earlier “earth.”
buoyant
cheerful and optimistic:
carefree
adjective
without worry or responsibility; free from troubles
OE caru: “sorrow, anxiety, grief,”
from PIE root *gar- “cry out, call, scream
cavalier
adjective.
- free and easy
- casual or indifferent toward matters of some importance
- disdainful, showing a haughty disregard; arrogant; supercilious, offhand
cheerful
adjective
- having a happy disposition; in good spirits
- pleasantly bright; gladdening a cheerful room
- hearty; ungrudging; enthusiastic cheerful help
c. 1200, “the face,” especially as expressing emotion, from Anglo-French chere “the face,”
Old French chiere “face, countenance, look, expression,”
from Late Latin cara “face”, possibly from Greek kara “head,”
from PIE root *ker- (1) “horn; head.”
From mid-13c. as “frame of mind, state of feeling, spirit; mood, humor.”
By late 14c. the meaning had extended metaphorically to “mood, mental condition,” as reflected in the face
chipper
adjective informal
- cheerful; lively; nimble (agile, light-footed)
- smartly dressed
Word origin of ‘chipper’ : from northern British dialectal kipper “nimble, frisky,”
? akin to Du kipp, quick, lively
content
adjective (postpositive)
1. mentally or emotionally satisfied with things as they are
2. assenting to or willing to accept circumstances, a proposed course of action, etc
key concept: a person’s desires are held together (restrained)
from Latin contentus contented, that is, having restrained desires, from continēre to restrain
contain (v.)
from Latin continere (transitive) “to hold together, enclose,”
from com “with, together” (see com-) + tenere “to hold,”
from PIE root *ten- “to stretch.
contented
adjective
accepting one’s situation or life with equanimity and satisfaction
convivial
adjective
- having to do with a feast or festive activity
- fond of eating, drinking, and good company; sociable; jovial
L convivialis < convivium, a feast
< convivere, to carouse together
< com-, together + vivere, to live:
delighted
adjective
- to be extremely pleased and excited about something
- to be extremely pleased to do something
* I was delighted to see him.*
* I was delighted to help him.*
droll
adjective
amusing in a quaint or odd manner; comical
droll (adj.)
1620s, from French drôle “odd, comical, funny” (1580s), in Middle French a noun meaning “a merry fellow,” possibly from Middle Dutch drol “fat little fellow, goblin,” or Middle High German trolle “clown,”
ultimately from Old Norse troll “giant, troll”
ebullient
adjective
- overflowing with enthusiasm or excitement; exuberant
- boiling
C16: from Latin ēbullīre to bubble forth, be boisterous, from bullīre to boil
Figurative sense of “enthusiastic” is first recorded 1660s.
ecstatic
adjective
- in a trancelike state of great rapture or delight
- showing or feeling great enthusiasm
* ecstatic applause*
ecstatic (adj.)
1590s, “mystically absorbed,” from Greek ekstatikos “unstable, from ekstasis (see ecstasy).
Meaning “characterized by or subject to intense emotions” is from 1660s, now usually pleasurable ones, but not originally always so.
elated
adjective
full of high spirits, exhilaration, pride or optimism; very happy
1570s, literal, “to raise, elevate,” probably from Latin elatus “uplifted, exalted,” past participle of effere “carry out, bring forth” (see elation), or else a back-formation from elation. Figurative use, “to raise or swell the mind or spirit with satisfaction and pride,” is from 1610s
enchanted
adjective
- to be influenced by or as if by charms and incantation : bewitched
2 : to be attracted and moved deeply :
Roused to ecstatic admiration, the scene enchanted her to the point of tears —
enchant (v.)
from L rapere “hurry away, carry off, seize, plunder,” from PIE root *rep- “to snatch”
late 14c., literal and figurative, from Old French enchanter “bewitch, charm, cast a spell” (12c.), from Latin incantare “to enchant, fix a spell upon”
enraptured
to be carried off mentally with delight
rapture (n.)
c. 1600, “act of carrying off,” from Middle French rapture, from Medieval Latin raptura “seizure, rape, kidnapping,” from Latin raptus “a carrying off, abduction, snatching away; rape” (see rapt). Earliest attested use in English is of women and in 17c. it sometimes meant rape (v.), which word is a cognate of this. Sense of “spiritual ecstasy, state of mental transport” first recorded c. 1600 (raptures).
enthusiastic
adjective
Noun: a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and a desire to be involved in it
- I find that I’m losing my enthusiasm for the game.*
- ardor did her work with energy and enthusiasm*
Noun : something inspiring zeal or fervor
his enthusiasms include sailing and fishing
What is the history of enthusiasm?
It may come as a surprise to many people, when they first look up the word enthusiasm, to see that its original meaning has to do with passion for religion, rather than passionate or eager interest in general. A brief explanation of the word’s etymology should clear this up. Enthusiasm entered the English language around the beginning of the 17th century. It was borrowed from the Greek enthousiasmos, meaning “inspiration or possession by a god.” For the first two hundred or so years that it was used in English, enthusiasm was primarily employed to refer to beliefs or passions that related to religion. By the beginning of the 18th century, however, the word began to be used to describe having strong feelings or interest in secular matters.
enthusiasm (n.)
c. 1600, from Middle French enthousiasme (16c.) and directly from Late Latin enthusiasmus, from Greek enthousiasmos “divine inspiration, enthusiasm (produced by certain kinds of music, etc.),” from enthousiazein “be inspired or possessed by a god, be rapt, be in ecstasy,” from entheos “divinely inspired, possessed by a god,” from en “in” (see en- (2)) + theos “god” (from PIE root *dhes-, forming words for religious concepts). It acquired a derogatory sense of “excessive religious emotion through the conceit of special revelation from God” (1650s) under the Puritans; generalized meaning “fervor, zeal” (the main modern sense) is first recorded 1716.
espiègle
adjective
frolicsome, roguish
Espiègle is a corruption of Ulespiegle, the French name for Till Eulenspiegel, a peasant prankster of German folklore. Tales of Eulenspiegel’s merry pranks against well-to-do townsmen, clergy, and nobility were first translated into French in 1532 and into English around 1560. In the 19th century, Sir Walter Scott introduced his readers to the adjective espiègle and the related noun espièglerie (a word for “roguishness” or “playfulness”) in his Waverley novels. Other 19th century authors followed suit, and even today these words are most likely to be encountered in literature.
euphoric
adjective
intense happiness and excitement
Greek, from euphoros healthy, from eu- + pherein to bear — more at bear
euphoria Has Greek Roots
Health and happiness are often linked, sometimes even in etymologies. Nowadays “euphoria” generally refers to happiness, but it derives from “euphoros,” a Greek word that means “healthy.” Given that root, it’s not surprising that in its original English uses, it was a medical term. A 1706 quotation shows how doctors used it then: “‘Euphoria,’ the well bearing of the Operation of a Medicine, i.e. when the Patient finds himself eas’d or reliev’d by it.” Modern physicians still use the term, but they aren’t likely to prescribe something that will cause it. In contemporary medicine, “euphoria” describes abnormal or inappropriate feelings such as those caused by an illegal drug or an illness.
expectant
adjective
being excited about something that is belived to happen soon
expect (v.)
1550s, “wait, defer action,” from Latin expectare/exspectare “await, look out for; desire, hope, long for, anticipate; look for with anticipation,” from ex- “thoroughly” (see ex-) + spectare “to look,” frequentative of specere “to look at” (from PIE root *spek- “to observe”).
Figurative sense of “anticipate, look forward to” developed in Latin and is attested in English from c. 1600. Also from c. 1600 as “regard as about to happen.” Meaning “count upon (to do something), trust or rely on” is from 1630s. Used since 1817 as a euphemism for “be pregnant.” In the sense “suppose, reckon, suspect,” it is attested from 1640s but was regarded as a New England provincialism. Related: Expected; expecting.
exuberant
1 : extreme or excessive in degree, size, or extent exuberant prosperity
2a : joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic exuberant praise an exuberant personality
b : unrestrained or elaborate especially in style : flamboyant exuberant architecture
3 : produced in extreme abundance : plentiful exuberant foliage and vegetation
exuberant (adj.)
mid-15c., from Middle French exubérant and directly from Latin exuberantem (nominative exuberans) “overabundance,” present participle of exuberare “be abundant, grow luxuriously,” from ex, here probably “thoroughly” (see ex-), + uberare “be fruitful,” related to uber “udder,” from PIE root *eue-dh-r- (see udder)
exultant
adjective
elated or jubilant, esp because of triumph or success
metaphor: to leap up and dance with joy
The little girl was exultant when her father showed her the circus tickets, and clapped her hands while jumping up and down.
exult (v.)
1560s, “to leap up;” 1590s, “to rejoice, triumph,” from Middle French exulter, from Latin exultare/exsultare “rejoice exceedingly, revel, vaunt, boast;” literally “leap about, leap up,” frequentative of exsilire “to leap up,” from ex- “out” (see ex-) + salire “to leap” (see salient (adj.)). The notion is of leaping or dancing for joy.
fanciful
adjective
- not based on fact; dubious or imaginary fanciful notions
- made or designed in a curious, intricate, or imaginative way
- indulging in or influenced by fancy; whimsical
nfancy is a contraction of fantasy
fantasy (n.)
early 14c., “illusory appearance,” from Old French fantaisie, phantasie “vision, imagination” (14c.), from Latin phantasia, from Greek phantasia “power of imagination; appearance, image, perception,” from phantazesthai “picture to oneself,” from phantos “visible,” from phainesthai “appear,” in late Greek “to imagine, have visions,” related to phaos, phos “light,”
phainein “to show, to bring to light” (from PIE root *bha- (1) “to shine”).
fancy-free
adjective
having no commitments; carefree
festive
- adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Something that is festive is special, colourful, or exciting, especially because of a holiday or celebration
festive (adj.)
1650s, “pertaining to a feast,” from Latin festivus “festive, joyous, gay,” from festum “festival, holiday,” noun use of neuter of adjective festus “joyful, merry” (see feast (n.)). The word is unattested in English from 1651 to 1735 (it reappears in a poem by William Somervile, with the sense “fond of feasting, jovial”), and the modern use may be a back-formation from festivity. Meaning “mirthful, joyous” in English is attested by 1774. Related: Festively; festiveness.
When the Day crown’d with rural, chaste Delight
Resigns obsequious to the festive Night;
The festive Night awakes th’ harmonious Lay,
And in sweet Verse recounts the Triumphs of the Day.
[Somervile, “The Chace”]
Earlier adjectives in English based on the Latin word were festival “pertaining to a church feast”
flying
frolicsome
adjective
- given to frolicking; merry and playful
frolic
noun:
- a light-hearted entertainment or occasion
- light-hearted activity; gaiety; merriment
verb:
- to caper about; act or behave playfully
fulfilled
adjecfctive
possessing the feeling of having reached one’s potential
fun-loving
enjoying the good or fun things in life
funny
adjective
- causing laughter; laughable; amusing; humorous
- Informal
a. out of the ordinary; strange; queer
b. deceptive or tricky
Someone or something that is funny is amusing and likely to make you smile or laugh.
gamesome
adjective
playful; sportive; frolicsome
ME gamsum: see game & -some
game (adj.2)
“ready for action, unafraid, and up to the task;” probably literally “spirited as a game-cock,” 1725, from game-cock “bird bred for fighting” (1670s), from game (n.) in the “sport, amusement” sense. Middle English adjectives gamesome, gamelich meant “joyful, playful, sportive.”
game (n.)
c. 1200, from Old English gamen “joy, fun; game, amusement,” common Germanic (cognates: Old Frisian game “joy, glee,” Old Norse gaman “game, sport; pleasure, amusement,” Old Saxon gaman, Old High German gaman “sport, merriment,” Danish gamen, Swedish gamman “merriment”), said to be identical with Gothic gaman “participation, communion,” from Proto-Germanic *ga- collective prefix + *mann “person,” giving a sense of “people together.”
gay
gay (adj.)
carefree and merry
a gay temperament
b. brightly coloured; brilliant
a gay hat
c. given to pleasure, esp in social entertainment
* a gay life*
* The Housewive of NYC preoccupy themselves with living gay lives, although they do dabble in business to a lesser or greater extent.*
late 14c., “full of joy, merry; light-hearted, carefree;” also “wanton, lewd, lascivious” (late 12c. as a surname, Philippus de Gay), from Old French gai “joyful, happy; pleasant, agreeably charming; forward, pert; light-colored” (12c.; compare Old Spanish gayo, Portuguese gaio, Italian gajo, probably French loan-words). Ultimate origin disputed; perhaps from Frankish *gahi (related to Old High German wahi “pretty”), though not all etymologists accept this. Meaning “stately and beautiful; splendid and showily dressed” is from early 14c. In the English of Yorkshire and Scotland formerly it could mean “moderately, rather, considerable” (1796; compare sense development in pretty (adj.)).
The word gay by the 1890s had an overall tinge of promiscuity – a gay house was a brothel.
gemütlich
adjective
having a feeling or atmosphere of warmth and friendliness; cosy
