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Human Anatomy and Physiology > HAP Test 1c > Flashcards

HAP Test 1c Flashcards

1
Q

types of tissues

A
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • nervous
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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers body surface and organs, forms inner lining of body cavity and lines hollow organs, lacks blood vessels
- secretions, absorption and excretion

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3
Q

types of epithelial tissue

A
  • simple squamous
  • simple cuboidal
  • simple columnar
  • pseudostratified columnar
  • stratified squamous
  • stratified cuboidal
  • stratified columnar
  • transitional
  • glandular
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4
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

consists of single layer of thin, flattened cells, nuclei broad and thin
- covers membranes that line body cavities

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5
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single-layer of cube-shaped cells, centrally located, spherical nuclei
- secretion and absorption

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6
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

composed of single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are usually about same level, near basement membrane

  • globlet cells
  • ciliated or nonciliated
  • thick
  • secretes digestive fluid and absorbs nutrients
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7
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

appear stratified or layered, but not; nuclei are at two or more levels in row of aligned cells yet all reach basement membrane

  • contain cilia
  • contains globlet cells, secrete mucus
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8
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

may layers of cells, making tissue thick; cells near surface are flat and those in deeper layer are cuboidal and columnar
- keratin

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9
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form lining of lumen
- provides more protection

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10
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

consists of several layers of cells, superficial cells are elongated and basal cells are cuboidal

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11
Q

transitional epithelium

A

specialized to change in response to increased tension

  • several layers of cuboidal cells
  • expandable lining
  • contains few layers of cells
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12
Q

glandular epithelium

A

composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids

  • found within columnar and cuboidal
  • many types
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13
Q

types of glands

A
  • exocrine glands

- endocrine glands

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14
Q

exocrine gland

A

secrete their products into ducts that open onto surface

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15
Q

endocrine gland

A

secrete products into tissue fluid or blood

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16
Q

types of exocrine glands

A
  • simple glands
  • compound glands
  • merocrine glands
  • apocrine glands
  • holocrine glands
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17
Q

types of simple glands

A
  • simple tubular glands
  • simple coiled tubular glands
  • simple branched tubular glands
  • simple branched alveolar gland
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18
Q

types of compound glands

A
  • compound tubular gland

- compound alveolar gland

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19
Q

simple glands

A

glands that communicate with surface by means of ducts that do not branch before reaching secretory portion

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20
Q

simple tubular gland

A

straight tubelike gland that opens directly onto surface

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21
Q

simple coiled tubular gland

A

long, coiled, tubelike gland, long duct

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22
Q

simple branched tubular gland

A

branched, tubelike gland, duct short or absent

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23
Q

simple branched alveolar gland

A

secretory portions of gland expand into saclike compartments along duct

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24
Q

compound glands

A

glands communicate with surface by means of ducts that branch repeatedly before reaching secretory

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25
Q

compound tubular gland

A

secretory portions coiled tubules, usually branched

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26
Q

compound alveolar gland

A

secretory portions are irregularly branched tubules with numerous saclike outgrowths

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27
Q

merocrine glands

A

glands that release fluid products by exocytosis

28
Q

apocrine glands

A

glands lose small portions of glandular cell bodies during secretions

29
Q

holocrine glands

A

glands that release entire cells

30
Q

types of connective tissue

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • adipose tissue
  • reticular connective tissue
  • dense connective tissue
  • elastic connective tissue
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
31
Q

types of connective tissue fibers

A
  • collagenous fibers
  • elastic fibers
  • reticular fibers
32
Q

types of cartilage

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • elastic cartilage
  • fibrocartilage
33
Q

connective tissue

A

bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections and help repair tissue damage
- most abundant

34
Q

collagenous fibers

A

thick threads of protein collagen, parallel bundles, flexible and slightly elastic, resist considerable force

35
Q

elastic fibers

A

composed of spring-like protein elastin, weaker, form networks, easily stretched or deformed

36
Q

reticular fibers

A

very thin collagenous fibers, highly branched

37
Q

loose connective tissue (areolar)

A

delicate, thin membranes throughout cody, binds skin to organs and fills space between muscles

38
Q

adipose tissue

A

store fat droplets within cytoplasm, enlarge, nuclei pushed to side, cushion joints and some organs, store energy

39
Q

fibroblast

A

produce fibers

40
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

composed of thin, collagenous fibers, provide framework

41
Q

dense connective tissue

A

consists of closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers, network of elastic fivers and few cells

  • withstand pulling
  • binds body parts
42
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

consists of elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching networks, between fibers are collagenous fibers and fibroblasts

43
Q

cartilage

A

rigid connective tissue, procifes support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissues and forms structural models

  • matrix: composed of collagenous fibers in gel-like substance
  • chondrocytes
  • lacks direct blood supply
44
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cells, lie within matrix

45
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

extravellular matrix composed of fine collagenous fibers, looks like glass, found in joints
- important in development and growth of bones

46
Q

elastic cartilage

A

extracellular matrix made of dense network of elastic fibers

47
Q

fibrocartilage

A

extracellular matrix made of large collagenous fibers, very tough, shock absorber

48
Q

bone

A

most rigid connective tissue, contains extracellular matrix with collagenous fibers, supports internally, attachment for muscles, contains red marrow
- contains osteoblasts

49
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone matrix deposited by bone cells

50
Q

blood

A

type of connective tissue, composed of cells suspended in fluid extracellular matrix (plasma)

  • RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets
  • form in red marrow
51
Q

red blood cells

A

transport gases

52
Q

white blood cells

A

fight infection

53
Q

platelets

A

involved in blood clotting

54
Q

types of membranes

A
  • epithelial membranes

- synovial membranes

55
Q

types of epithelial membranes

A
  • serous membranes
  • mucous membranes
  • cutaneous membranes
56
Q

epithelial membrane

A

thin, sheetlike structures that are usually composed of epithelial and underlying connective tissue, covering body and lining cavities

57
Q

serous membranes

A

line body cavities that don’t open to outside and reduce friction between organs and cavity walls

  • layer of simple squamous and thin layer of loose connective tissue
  • secrete watery fluid, lubricates
58
Q

mucous membrane

A

line cavities and tubes that open to outside of body

  • consists of epithelium overlaying layer of loose connective tissue
  • secrete mucus
59
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin

60
Q

synovial membrane

A

composed entirely of connective tissue, joints

61
Q

types of muscle tissue

A
  • skeletal muscle tissue
  • smooth muscle tissue
  • cardiac muscle tissue
62
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

forms muscles usually attach to bones and are controlled by conscious effort (voluntary)

  • contains striations
  • has many nuclei
63
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

lack striations, shorter than those of skeletal muscle and are spindle-shaped, single, central nucleus, involuntary action

64
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

only in heart, striated and branched cells, joined end-to-end, has single nucleus, cells connected by intercalated discs, controlled involuntarily

65
Q

neuron

A

coordinate, regulate and integrate body functions

66
Q

nervous tissue

A

found in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

  • neurons
  • neuroglial cells
67
Q

neuroglial cells

A

support and bind components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis and help supply nutrients to neurons by connecting blood vessels

Human Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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