HAP Test 1c Flashcards
types of tissues
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
epithelial tissue
covers body surface and organs, forms inner lining of body cavity and lines hollow organs, lacks blood vessels
- secretions, absorption and excretion
types of epithelial tissue
- simple squamous
- simple cuboidal
- simple columnar
- pseudostratified columnar
- stratified squamous
- stratified cuboidal
- stratified columnar
- transitional
- glandular
simple squamous epithelium
consists of single layer of thin, flattened cells, nuclei broad and thin
- covers membranes that line body cavities
simple cuboidal epithelium
single-layer of cube-shaped cells, centrally located, spherical nuclei
- secretion and absorption
simple columnar epithelium
composed of single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are usually about same level, near basement membrane
- globlet cells
- ciliated or nonciliated
- thick
- secretes digestive fluid and absorbs nutrients
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
appear stratified or layered, but not; nuclei are at two or more levels in row of aligned cells yet all reach basement membrane
- contain cilia
- contains globlet cells, secrete mucus
stratified squamous epithelium
may layers of cells, making tissue thick; cells near surface are flat and those in deeper layer are cuboidal and columnar
- keratin
stratified cuboidal epithelium
two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form lining of lumen
- provides more protection
stratified columnar epithelium
consists of several layers of cells, superficial cells are elongated and basal cells are cuboidal
transitional epithelium
specialized to change in response to increased tension
- several layers of cuboidal cells
- expandable lining
- contains few layers of cells
glandular epithelium
composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids
- found within columnar and cuboidal
- many types
types of glands
- exocrine glands
- endocrine glands
exocrine gland
secrete their products into ducts that open onto surface
endocrine gland
secrete products into tissue fluid or blood
types of exocrine glands
- simple glands
- compound glands
- merocrine glands
- apocrine glands
- holocrine glands
types of simple glands
- simple tubular glands
- simple coiled tubular glands
- simple branched tubular glands
- simple branched alveolar gland
types of compound glands
- compound tubular gland
- compound alveolar gland
simple glands
glands that communicate with surface by means of ducts that do not branch before reaching secretory portion
simple tubular gland
straight tubelike gland that opens directly onto surface
simple coiled tubular gland
long, coiled, tubelike gland, long duct
simple branched tubular gland
branched, tubelike gland, duct short or absent
simple branched alveolar gland
secretory portions of gland expand into saclike compartments along duct
compound glands
glands communicate with surface by means of ducts that branch repeatedly before reaching secretory
compound tubular gland
secretory portions coiled tubules, usually branched
compound alveolar gland
secretory portions are irregularly branched tubules with numerous saclike outgrowths
merocrine glands
glands that release fluid products by exocytosis
apocrine glands
glands lose small portions of glandular cell bodies during secretions
holocrine glands
glands that release entire cells
types of connective tissue
- loose connective tissue
- adipose tissue
- reticular connective tissue
- dense connective tissue
- elastic connective tissue
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
types of connective tissue fibers
- collagenous fibers
- elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
types of cartilage
- hyaline cartilage
- elastic cartilage
- fibrocartilage
connective tissue
bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections and help repair tissue damage
- most abundant
collagenous fibers
thick threads of protein collagen, parallel bundles, flexible and slightly elastic, resist considerable force
elastic fibers
composed of spring-like protein elastin, weaker, form networks, easily stretched or deformed
reticular fibers
very thin collagenous fibers, highly branched
loose connective tissue (areolar)
delicate, thin membranes throughout cody, binds skin to organs and fills space between muscles
adipose tissue
store fat droplets within cytoplasm, enlarge, nuclei pushed to side, cushion joints and some organs, store energy
fibroblast
produce fibers
reticular connective tissue
composed of thin, collagenous fibers, provide framework
dense connective tissue
consists of closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers, network of elastic fivers and few cells
- withstand pulling
- binds body parts
elastic connective tissue
consists of elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching networks, between fibers are collagenous fibers and fibroblasts
cartilage
rigid connective tissue, procifes support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissues and forms structural models
- matrix: composed of collagenous fibers in gel-like substance
- chondrocytes
- lacks direct blood supply
chondrocytes
cartilage cells, lie within matrix
hyaline cartilage
extravellular matrix composed of fine collagenous fibers, looks like glass, found in joints
- important in development and growth of bones
elastic cartilage
extracellular matrix made of dense network of elastic fibers
fibrocartilage
extracellular matrix made of large collagenous fibers, very tough, shock absorber
bone
most rigid connective tissue, contains extracellular matrix with collagenous fibers, supports internally, attachment for muscles, contains red marrow
- contains osteoblasts
osteoblasts
bone matrix deposited by bone cells
blood
type of connective tissue, composed of cells suspended in fluid extracellular matrix (plasma)
- RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets
- form in red marrow
red blood cells
transport gases
white blood cells
fight infection
platelets
involved in blood clotting
types of membranes
- epithelial membranes
- synovial membranes
types of epithelial membranes
- serous membranes
- mucous membranes
- cutaneous membranes
epithelial membrane
thin, sheetlike structures that are usually composed of epithelial and underlying connective tissue, covering body and lining cavities
serous membranes
line body cavities that don’t open to outside and reduce friction between organs and cavity walls
- layer of simple squamous and thin layer of loose connective tissue
- secrete watery fluid, lubricates
mucous membrane
line cavities and tubes that open to outside of body
- consists of epithelium overlaying layer of loose connective tissue
- secrete mucus
cutaneous membrane
skin
synovial membrane
composed entirely of connective tissue, joints
types of muscle tissue
- skeletal muscle tissue
- smooth muscle tissue
- cardiac muscle tissue
skeletal muscle tissue
forms muscles usually attach to bones and are controlled by conscious effort (voluntary)
- contains striations
- has many nuclei
smooth muscle tissue
lack striations, shorter than those of skeletal muscle and are spindle-shaped, single, central nucleus, involuntary action
cardiac muscle tissue
only in heart, striated and branched cells, joined end-to-end, has single nucleus, cells connected by intercalated discs, controlled involuntarily
neuron
coordinate, regulate and integrate body functions
nervous tissue
found in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
- neurons
- neuroglial cells
neuroglial cells
support and bind components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis and help supply nutrients to neurons by connecting blood vessels
