HAP Joints Flashcards
synarthrotic
immovable
amphiarthrotic
slightly movable
diarthrotic
free movement
What are the three classifications of joints?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
fibrous joints
dense connective tissue holding them together containing many collagenous fibers, bones that are in contact
cartilaginous
bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
synovial
most joints, allows free movement
types of fibrous joints
- syndesmosis
- suture
- gomphosis
types of cartilaginous joints
- synchondrosis
- symphysis
types of synovial joints
- ball and socket
- condyloid
- gliding
- hinge
- pivot
- saddle
flexion
bending knee
extension
straightening the knee
hyperextension
bending head back beyond upright position
dorsiflexion
walking on heels
plantar flexion
walking or standing on toes
abduction
lifting upper limb horizontally to form right angle with side of body
adduction
returning upper limb from horizontal position to side of body
rotation
twisting head from side to side
lateral rotation
movement toward midline
medial rotation
movement toward midline
circumduction
moving finger in circular motion without moving hand
supination
turning hand so palm is upward
pronation
turning hand so palm is downward
eversion
turning foot so plantar surface faces laterally
inversion
turning foot so plantar surface faces medially
protraction
moving part forward, thrusting chin forward
retraction
pulling chin backward
elevation
shrugging the shoulders
depression
dropping the shoulders
syndesmosis
- tibia and fibula
- smphiarthrotic
suture
- synarthrotic
- between bones in skull
gomphosis
- peglike root of tooth
- tightly bound to body with collagenous fibers
- synarthrotic
synchondrosis
- bands of hyaline cartilage unite bones
- temporary
- encochondral bones
- manubrium and 1st rib
symphysis
- cartilage attached to pad of springy fibrocartilage
- pubis and in-between vertebrae
- amphiarthrotic
ball and socket
bone with globular or slightly egg-shaped head that articulates with cup-shaped cavity; hip and shoulder
condyloid
condyle of one bone fits into elliptical cavity of another bone; metacarpals and phalanges
gliding
nearly flat or slightly curved
- sliding, back and forth and twisting motions
- wrist, ankle and vertebrae
hinge
convex surface of bone fits into concave surface of another bones
- elbow and phalanges
- permits movement to one plane
pivot
cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within ring formed of bone and ligament
- limited to rotation around central axis
- between radius and ulna and neck
origin
fixed end
insertion
movable end
saddle
between bones whose articulating surfaces have concave and convex regions, surface of one bone fits complementary to other
- movement in two planes
- between carpal and metacarpal of thumb
joint capsule
has two lyres that hold together bones of synovial joint, dense connective tissue that connects to periosteum around circumference of bone
ligaments
reinforce joint capsule and help bind auricular ends
synovial membrane
inner layer of joint capsule consisting of shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue
- can store adipose tissue
- secrete synovial fluid
- reabsorb fluid in injured or infected joint
- moisten and lubricate smooth surfaces of joints
- gives nutrients
minisci
discs of fibrocartilage that separate joint into two compartments, attaches to fibrous layer and projects into joint cavity
- helps distribute body weight
- cushion
bursae
fluid-filled sac, contains synovial fluid
- cushion and aid in movement of tendons that glide over bony parts
