HAP Test 1b Flashcards
cell membrane
- selectively permeable
- composed of lipids and proteins with some carbohydrates
- double layer of phospholipid
- hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic
receptor proteins
receive and transmit messages into cell
integral proteins
form pores, channels and carriers in cell membrane
enzymes
transduce signal
cellular adhesion molecules
enable cells to stick to each other
cell surface proteins
establish self
intracellular membranes
- tight junction
- desmosome
- gap junctions
ribosomes
protein synthesis, no membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
- composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs
- synthesis of protein and lipid molecules
- may be secreted from cell or used within the cell
smooth ER
lipid synthesis, absorb fats and breaking down drugs
Golgi apparatus
refines, packages and delivers proteins synthesized on rough ER
vesicles
membranous sac that vary in size and contents, transport substances
mitochondria
lungs, provide energy to all of cell
lysosomes
“garbage” disposals, dismantle debris, tiny membranous sacs
- break down proteins, carbs and nucleic acids
peroxisomes
membranous sacs, catalyze metabolic reactions that release hydrogen peroxide and decompose it
centrosome
aid in cell division, lead to microtubules and spindle fibers
microfilaments made of…
actin
microtubules made of….
tubulin
nucleolus
RNA and protein
chromatin
loosely coiled fibers in nuclear fluid
diffusion
tendency of atoms, molecules and ions in liquid or air solution to move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
facilitated diffusion
molecules move across membrane through channels or by carrier molecules from region of high to low concentration
osmosis
diffusion of water molecules from region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
isotonic
where osmotic pressure of intracellular and extracellular fluids are same
hypertonic
solutions that have higher osmotic pressure within the cell
hypotonic
solutions that have lower osmotic pressure within cell
filtration
when molecules are forced through membranes, separate solids from water
active transport
movement against the concentration gradient, requires energy pump
types of endocytosis
- pinocytosis
- phagocytosis
- receptor-mediated endocytosis
pinocytosis
cells take in tiny droplets of liquid from surroundings
phagocytosis
cells take in solids, lysosome soon connects
receptor-mediated endocytosis
moves very specific kinds of particles into cell, bind
exocytosis
substances made within cell are packaged into vesicles, which fuse with cell membrane, releasing contents outside cell
transcytosis
combines endo and exocytosis to selectively and rapidly transport substance or particle from one end to the other
cell cycle
- interphase
- mitosis
- cytokinesis
interphase
- S phase
- G1 and G2 phase
- cell grows and maintains its routine functions as well as its contributions to internal environment
S phase
DNA replication
G1 and G2 phase
structures other then DNA synthesized and cellular growth
mitosis
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
prophase
stage where chromosomes become visible, condensation of chromatin, centrioles form and move to opposite sides of cell
metaphase
chromosomes align in middle of cell, spindle fibers attach to centromere
anaphase
replicated chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of cell
telophase
when newly formed cells separate, complete migration towards centrioles, chromosomes unwind, nuclear envelope forms
cytokinesis
begins during anaphase, stage where cells clearly separate from each other
