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Human Anatomy and Physiology > HAP Test 1b > Flashcards

HAP Test 1b Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A
  • selectively permeable
  • composed of lipids and proteins with some carbohydrates
  • double layer of phospholipid
  • hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic
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2
Q

receptor proteins

A

receive and transmit messages into cell

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3
Q

integral proteins

A

form pores, channels and carriers in cell membrane

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4
Q

enzymes

A

transduce signal

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5
Q

cellular adhesion molecules

A

enable cells to stick to each other

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6
Q

cell surface proteins

A

establish self

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7
Q

intracellular membranes

A
  • tight junction
  • desmosome
  • gap junctions
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8
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis, no membrane

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9
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs
  • synthesis of protein and lipid molecules
  • may be secreted from cell or used within the cell
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10
Q

smooth ER

A

lipid synthesis, absorb fats and breaking down drugs

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11
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

refines, packages and delivers proteins synthesized on rough ER

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12
Q

vesicles

A

membranous sac that vary in size and contents, transport substances

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13
Q

mitochondria

A

lungs, provide energy to all of cell

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14
Q

lysosomes

A

“garbage” disposals, dismantle debris, tiny membranous sacs

- break down proteins, carbs and nucleic acids

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15
Q

peroxisomes

A

membranous sacs, catalyze metabolic reactions that release hydrogen peroxide and decompose it

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16
Q

centrosome

A

aid in cell division, lead to microtubules and spindle fibers

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17
Q

microfilaments made of…

A

actin

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18
Q

microtubules made of….

A

tubulin

19
Q

nucleolus

A

RNA and protein

20
Q

chromatin

A

loosely coiled fibers in nuclear fluid

21
Q

diffusion

A

tendency of atoms, molecules and ions in liquid or air solution to move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

22
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

molecules move across membrane through channels or by carrier molecules from region of high to low concentration

23
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water molecules from region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

24
Q

isotonic

A

where osmotic pressure of intracellular and extracellular fluids are same

25
Q

hypertonic

A

solutions that have higher osmotic pressure within the cell

26
Q

hypotonic

A

solutions that have lower osmotic pressure within cell

27
Q

filtration

A

when molecules are forced through membranes, separate solids from water

28
Q

active transport

A

movement against the concentration gradient, requires energy pump

29
Q

types of endocytosis

A
  • pinocytosis
  • phagocytosis
  • receptor-mediated endocytosis
30
Q

pinocytosis

A

cells take in tiny droplets of liquid from surroundings

31
Q

phagocytosis

A

cells take in solids, lysosome soon connects

32
Q

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

moves very specific kinds of particles into cell, bind

33
Q

exocytosis

A

substances made within cell are packaged into vesicles, which fuse with cell membrane, releasing contents outside cell

34
Q

transcytosis

A

combines endo and exocytosis to selectively and rapidly transport substance or particle from one end to the other

35
Q

cell cycle

A
  • interphase
  • mitosis
  • cytokinesis
36
Q

interphase

A
  • S phase
  • G1 and G2 phase
  • cell grows and maintains its routine functions as well as its contributions to internal environment
37
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication

38
Q

G1 and G2 phase

A

structures other then DNA synthesized and cellular growth

39
Q

mitosis

A
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
40
Q

prophase

A

stage where chromosomes become visible, condensation of chromatin, centrioles form and move to opposite sides of cell

41
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes align in middle of cell, spindle fibers attach to centromere

42
Q

anaphase

A

replicated chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of cell

43
Q

telophase

A

when newly formed cells separate, complete migration towards centrioles, chromosomes unwind, nuclear envelope forms

44
Q

cytokinesis

A

begins during anaphase, stage where cells clearly separate from each other

Human Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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