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Chemistry > Hannah 10 > Flashcards

Hannah 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Nitrogen is ____ of the air we breathe

A

78%

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1
Q

Oxygen is _____ of the air we breathe

A

21%

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2
Q

Argon is ____ if the air we breathe (because of nuclear decay)

A

1%

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3
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 2 DIFF molecules of the same element 
O2 (breathe)
O3: ozone 
           - High in atmosphere 
           - uv protection
A

Allotropes

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4
Q

_______

  • in pressurized sprays
  • destroys O3(ozone)
  • 1 of these can destroy 300,000 O3 molecules
A

Chlorofluorocarbons CFC

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5
Q

______

  • medicines use it
  • thanks to ***** drinking water life expectancy went up 10 years in the 1920s to 1930s
A

Medicines

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6
Q

Noble gases

-Ar= 1% - direct result of _____

A

Radioactive decay

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7
Q

____: smallest

  • a result if Uranium decay it’s rare and expensive l
  • from ground in Texas
  • uranium ore decays —-> ***. Gas
  • a lifting gas
  • ** balloons have 30% **
A

He

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8
Q

________
Uses: leavening emulsifiers, carbonated beverages, detergents
_________:dissolves teeth in soda.
-pesticides, insecticides and herbicides
-never expose to young kids

A

Phosphorous

Phosphoric acid

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9
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
-smells like rotten eggs 
Can contaminate well water 
-has many allotropes 
-mined from the ground
-FRASH PROCESS: high pressure steam meets sulfur, bringing it out of the ground
A

Sulfur

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10
Q

________

  • hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
  • smells like rotten eggs
  • can contaminate well water
  • has many allotropes: 2 DIFF molecules of the same element
  • mined from the ground
  • Frash process: high pressure steam meets ***** bringing it out of the ground
A

Sulfur

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11
Q

_____: high pressure steam meets sulfur bringing it out of the ground

A

Frash process

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12
Q

_____ is used in farming

- combine S with O to make nitrates

A

Ammonia

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13
Q

AMMONIA is used in farming

Combine ___ and ___ to make NITRATES

A

S

O

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14
Q

Medicine and ______

  • lung diseases (emphysema, lung cancer etc.)
  • danger!!! It’s flammable! No smoking
A

Oxygen

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15
Q

_________(CFC)

  • in AC units
  • you cannot normally throw out AC units because *** will let into the atmosphere. It’s illegal to discard AC units in western nations. The chemicals must be bled out
A

Freon

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16
Q

In __________. (2000) CFC’s were banned worldwide

A

Montreal Protocol

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17
Q

______: blocks UVc

UVc increases the risk of cancer

A

Ozone

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18
Q

_______:uses -

  • medicine
  • antiseptic = ***** & Iodine
  • crystal in B+W film
  • firefighting
  • HALON: a gas that contains this. *see pic
A

Bromine

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19
Q

______: a gas that contains bromine

  • displaces O2 in a fire
  • problem: people suffocated because no oxygen
  • buildings with technology often have this
  • has Brominev
A

Halon

*the bromiNes play HALON

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20
Q

______

  • the most abundant element in the universe
  • 70% of the universe is hydrogen
  • DEUTERIM: ** isotope used by stars
A

Hydrogen

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21
Q 
HYDROGEN 
-the most abundant element in the universe
-70% of the universe is hydrogen
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: hydrogen isotope used by stars 
Properties of Hydrogen 
Boiling point: -253 C
Melting point: -260 C
Hydrogen as fuel
H2+O2---> H2O
Lightest & cheapest gas 
-flammable: the HINDENBURG 
- to make Hydrogen: H2O---> H2 + O2
22
Q 
HYDROGEN 
-the most abundant element in the universe
-70% of the universe is hydrogen
- DEUTERIM: hydrogen isotope used by stars 
Properties of Hydrogen 
Boiling point: -253 C
Melting point: -260 C
Hydrogen as fuel
H2+O2---> H2O
Lightest & cheapest gas 
-flammable: the \_\_\_\_\_\_ 
- to make Hydrogen: H2O---> H2 + O2
A

Hindenburg

23
Q

Sulfur contaminated many streams in _______
-results from RINSING PROCESS from MINING
-silver tarnishes from H2S
-chemical cleaners react from H2S
_______:oily sulfur based chemicals found in skunks

A

Western Pennsylvania

Mercaptans

24
Q

What are Mercaptans

A

Mercaptans are OILY SULFUR BASED CHEMICALS found in SKUNKS

25
Q

________: diatomic molecules

  • end in a P5 wants another electron
  • ex: F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, At- (ions because have extra electron
  • ex: Cl2= chlorine gas—-> diatomic molecule
26
Q

______: not nutritional requirement

F- penetrates lattice of Ca/phosphate ions in bones. It makes it HARDER

A

Fluorine/Flouride

27
Q

______: mankind uses this chemical most

  • powerful and inexpensive
  • HNO3 (H+, NO3-)
  • N2 is inert
  • nitroglycerin (unstable) + TNT (an explosive)
  • TNT has a formula
A

Nitric Acid

28
Q

______

  • 78%
  • a P3
  • triple covalent bond N=N (one more -)
  • inert gas

Uses in industry
-avoid combustion
-economical boiling point: -196C
-liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air
DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion.
-nitrogen in medicine
-remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts
-ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

29
Q

NITROGEN

  • __%
  • a P3
  • triple covalent bond N=N (one more -)
  • ____

Uses in industry
-avoid combustion
-economical boiling point: -196C
-liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air
DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion.
-nitrogen in medicine
-remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts
-ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

A

78%

Inert gas

30
Q

NITROGEN

  • 78%
  • a P3
  • triple covalent bond N=N (one more -)
  • inert gas

Uses in industry
-__________
-economical boiling point: _____
-liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air
DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion.
-nitrogen in medicine
-remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts
-ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

A

Avoid combustion

-196C

31
Q

NITROGEN

  • 78%
  • a P3
  • triple covalent bond N=N (one more -)
  • inert gas

Uses in industry
-avoid combustion
-economical boiling point: -196C
-LIQUID FORM:is obtained by _______and _____
____: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion.
-nitrogen in medicine
-remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts
-ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

A

Compressing
Distilling air
Dewar

32
Q

NITROGEN

  • 78%
  • a P3
  • triple covalent bond N=N (one more -)
  • inert gas

Uses in industry
-avoid combustion
-economical boiling point: -196C
-liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air
DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion.
-nitrogen in medicine
-remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts
-____: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

33
Q

NITROGEN

  • 78%
  • a ___
  • triple covalent bond N=N (one more -)
  • ___

Uses in industry
-avoid combustion
-economical boiling point: -196C
-liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air
DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion.
-nitrogen in medicine
-remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts
-ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

A

P3

Inert gas

34
Q

____
-“iodized salt” : Na I (Na+, I-)
-thyroid needs iodine to make thyroxine
-HYPOTHYROIDISM: diffentcy of I-
- decrease of Thyroxine
-thyroid swells —> goiter
-other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish
-nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons
-produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I)
-concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid
-give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I
-won’t absorb 131 I
-

35
Q

____
-“iodized salt” : Na I (Na+, I-)
-thyroid needs iodine to make thyroxine
-HYPOTHYROIDISM: diffentcy of I-
- decrease of Thyroxine
-thyroid swells —> goiter
-other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish
-nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons
-produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I)
-concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid
-give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I
-won’t absorb 131 I
-

36
Q

IODINE
-“_____” : Na I (Na+, I-)
-thyroid needs iodine to make _____
-HYPOTHYROIDISM: diffentcy of I-
- decrease of Thyroxine
-thyroid swells —> goiter
-other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish
-nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons
-produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I)
-concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid
-give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I
-won’t absorb 131 I
-

A

Iodized salt

Thyroxine

37
Q

IODINE
-“iodized salt” : Na I (Na+, I-)
-thyroid needs iodine to make thyroxine
-____: diffentcy of I-
- decrease of Thyroxine
-thyroid swells —> goiter
-other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish
-nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons
-produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I)
-concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid
-give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I
-won’t absorb 131 I
-

A

Hypothyroidism

38
Q

_____: separation of water molecules using electricity

A

Electrolysis

39
Q

______ in refrigerators

  • adiabatic cooling
  • Kyoto protocol - no more CFC’s
  • perfluorocarbons-when saturated with oxygen. Can breathe.
A

CFC/ Freons

40
Q

CFC/FREON in refrigerators

  • _____cooling
  • Kyoto protocol - no more CFC’s
  • perfluorocarbons-when saturated with oxygen. Can breathe.
A

Adiabatic cooling

41
Q

________: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

  • little friction
  • no stick
  • if too hot ** breaks down into Cancer causing agents
  • used in ARTIFICIAL JOINTS
42
Q

TEFLON: _______

  • little friction
  • no stick
  • if too hot ** breaks down into Cancer causing agents
  • used in ______
A

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Artificial joints

43
Q

_____: never mix ammonia (NH4) with Clorox (HClO-)

  • it will create Cl2 (chlorine gas)
  • when you breathe Cl2, it turns to HCl in lungs
  • Cl- kills bacteria
44
Q

CHLORINE: never mix ________with _______

  • it will create CL2 CHLORINE GAS
  • when you breathe Cl2, it turns to HCl in lungs
  • Cl- kills bacteria
A

Ammonia (NH4)

Clorox (HClO-)

45
Q

CHLORINE: never mix ammonia (NH4) with Clorox (HClO-)

  • it will create __________
  • when you breathe Cl2, it turns to HCl in lungs
  • Cl- kills bacteria
A

Cl2

Chlorine gas

46
Q

_______: polyvinyl chloride

-plastic easily molded

47
Q

PVC:_____

-plastic easily molded

A

Polyvinyl chloride

48
Q

______: the 1st high explosive

  • clear; consistency of honey
  • a glycerin
  • DOESNT need flame to detonate
A

Nitroglycerin

49
Q

_______: discovered by Alfred Nobel

  • diatomaceous earth
  • diatoms (ocean floor decomp)
  • silica based
  • white cliffs of Dover
  • nitroglycerin soaked in diatoms
  • made it stable= dynamite
  • CONSTRUCTION, WEAPONS
50
Q 
DYNAMITE: discovered by Alfred Nobel
-diatomaceous earth
-diatoms (ocean floor decomp)
-silica based
-white cliffs of Dover
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_soaked in diatoms 
-made it stable= dynamite 
-CONSTRUCTION, WEAPONS 
-Nobel puts the $ in the bank
-intest ears 12 MILLION a year 
$12,000,000 = Nobel Peace Prize
A

Nitroglycerin

51
Q

_______-WHITE version reacts with air

-smoke screens

A

Phosphorus

52
Q

_________

  • wash away serum and plasma
  • freeze RBC
  • you can donate your own blood to yourself (for rare blood types)
A

Autologous Blood Transfusions

53
Q

Nitrogen in soil
_______( How does nitrogen get into soil?
1.) LIGHTNING: rips apart N+O; creates O3 + NO3; NO3 goes in ground
2.) decay process plants and animals decompose. NO2- + NO3- produced
3.) nitrogen fixing bacteria
-rhizomes contain bacteria
-bacteria convert N2(g)–> NO3-
4.) artificially - spread NO3- onto soil
* primary ways are decay and nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

The nitrogen cycle

Chemistry (29 decks)

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