Hannah 10 Flashcards by christy Chen

Nitrogen is ____ of the air we breathe

78%

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Oxygen is _____ of the air we breathe

21%

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Argon is ____ if the air we breathe (because of nuclear decay)

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 2 DIFF molecules of the same element 
O2 (breathe)
O3: ozone 
           - High in atmosphere 
           - uv protection

Allotropes

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_______

in pressurized sprays
destroys O3(ozone)
1 of these can destroy 300,000 O3 molecules

Chlorofluorocarbons CFC

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______

medicines use it
thanks to ***** drinking water life expectancy went up 10 years in the 1920s to 1930s

Medicines

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Noble gases

-Ar= 1% - direct result of _____

Radioactive decay

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____: smallest

a result if Uranium decay it’s rare and expensive l
from ground in Texas
uranium ore decays —-> ***. Gas
a lifting gas
** balloons have 30% **

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________
Uses: leavening emulsifiers, carbonated beverages, detergents
_________:dissolves teeth in soda.
-pesticides, insecticides and herbicides
-never expose to young kids

Phosphorous

Phosphoric acid

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
-smells like rotten eggs 
Can contaminate well water 
-has many allotropes 
-mined from the ground
-FRASH PROCESS: high pressure steam meets sulfur, bringing it out of the ground

Sulfur

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________

hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
smells like rotten eggs
can contaminate well water
has many allotropes: 2 DIFF molecules of the same element
mined from the ground
Frash process: high pressure steam meets ***** bringing it out of the ground

Sulfur

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_____: high pressure steam meets sulfur bringing it out of the ground

Frash process

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_____ is used in farming

- combine S with O to make nitrates

Ammonia

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AMMONIA is used in farming

Combine ___ and ___ to make NITRATES

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Medicine and ______

lung diseases (emphysema, lung cancer etc.)
danger!!! It’s flammable! No smoking

Oxygen

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_________(CFC)

in AC units
you cannot normally throw out AC units because *** will let into the atmosphere. It’s illegal to discard AC units in western nations. The chemicals must be bled out

Freon

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In __________. (2000) CFC’s were banned worldwide

Montreal Protocol

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______: blocks UVc

UVc increases the risk of cancer

Ozone

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_______:uses -

medicine
antiseptic = ***** & Iodine
crystal in B+W film
firefighting
HALON: a gas that contains this. *see pic

Bromine

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______: a gas that contains bromine

displaces O2 in a fire
problem: people suffocated because no oxygen
buildings with technology often have this
has Brominev

Halon

*the bromiNes play HALON

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______

the most abundant element in the universe
70% of the universe is hydrogen
DEUTERIM: ** isotope used by stars

Hydrogen

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HYDROGEN 
-the most abundant element in the universe
-70% of the universe is hydrogen
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: hydrogen isotope used by stars 
Properties of Hydrogen 
Boiling point: -253 C
Melting point: -260 C
Hydrogen as fuel
H2+O2---> H2O
Lightest &amp; cheapest gas 
-flammable: the HINDENBURG 
- to make Hydrogen: H2O---> H2 + O2

Deuterim

HYDROGEN 
-the most abundant element in the universe
-70% of the universe is hydrogen
- DEUTERIM: hydrogen isotope used by stars 
Properties of Hydrogen 
Boiling point: -253 C
Melting point: -260 C
Hydrogen as fuel
H2+O2---> H2O
Lightest &amp; cheapest gas 
-flammable: the \_\_\_\_\_\_ 
- to make Hydrogen: H2O---> H2 + O2

Hindenburg

Sulfur contaminated many streams in _______
-results from RINSING PROCESS from MINING
-silver tarnishes from H2S
-chemical cleaners react from H2S
_______:oily sulfur based chemicals found in skunks

Western Pennsylvania

Mercaptans

What are Mercaptans

Mercaptans are OILY SULFUR BASED CHEMICALS found in SKUNKS

________: diatomic molecules - end in a P5 wants another electron - ex: F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, At- (ions because have extra electron - ex: Cl2= chlorine gas----> diatomic molecule

Halogen

______: not nutritional requirement | F- penetrates lattice of Ca/phosphate ions in bones. It makes it HARDER

Fluorine/Flouride

______: mankind uses this chemical most - powerful and inexpensive - HNO3 (H+, NO3-) - N2 is inert - nitroglycerin (unstable) + TNT (an explosive) - TNT has a formula

Nitric Acid

______ - 78% - a P3 - triple covalent bond N=N (one more -) - inert gas Uses in industry -avoid combustion -economical boiling point: -196C -liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion. -nitrogen in medicine -remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts -ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

Nitrogen

NITROGEN - __% - a P3 - triple covalent bond N=N (one more -) - ____ Uses in industry -avoid combustion -economical boiling point: -196C -liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion. -nitrogen in medicine -remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts -ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

78% | Inert gas

NITROGEN - 78% - a P3 - triple covalent bond N=N (one more -) - inert gas Uses in industry -__________ -economical boiling point: _____ -liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion. -nitrogen in medicine -remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts -ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

Avoid combustion | -196C

NITROGEN - 78% - a P3 - triple covalent bond N=N (one more -) - inert gas Uses in industry -avoid combustion -economical boiling point: -196C -LIQUID FORM:is obtained by _______and _____ ____: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion. -nitrogen in medicine -remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts -ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

Compressing Distilling air Dewar

NITROGEN - 78% - a P3 - triple covalent bond N=N (one more -) - inert gas Uses in industry -avoid combustion -economical boiling point: -196C -liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion. -nitrogen in medicine -remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts -____: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

Alum

NITROGEN - 78% - a ___ - triple covalent bond N=N (one more -) - ___ Uses in industry -avoid combustion -economical boiling point: -196C -liquid form is obtained by compressing and distilling air DEWAR: a container for liquid nitrogen. It has a release valve to avoid explosion. -nitrogen in medicine -remove warts: put on cotton, freeze off warts -ALUM: (biological enzyme) destroys tissue chemically

P3 | Inert gas

____ -"iodized salt" : Na I (Na+, I-) -thyroid needs iodine to make thyroxine -HYPOTHYROIDISM: diffentcy of I- - decrease of Thyroxine -thyroid swells ---> goiter -other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish -nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons -produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I) -concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid -give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I -won't absorb 131 I -

Iodine

IODINE -"_____" : Na I (Na+, I-) -thyroid needs iodine to make _____ -HYPOTHYROIDISM: diffentcy of I- - decrease of Thyroxine -thyroid swells ---> goiter -other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish -nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons -produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I) -concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid -give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I -won't absorb 131 I -

Iodized salt | Thyroxine

IODINE -"iodized salt" : Na I (Na+, I-) -thyroid needs iodine to make thyroxine -____: diffentcy of I- - decrease of Thyroxine -thyroid swells ---> goiter -other sources of I- :dark green vegetables, fish -nuclear accidents/ atomic weapons -produce radioactive isotope : (small and up top on left) 131 I (normal 127 I) -concentration of radio active iodine in thyroid-destroys thyroid -give KI tablets to flood thyroid with 127 I -won't absorb 131 I -

Hypothyroidism

_____: separation of water molecules using electricity

Electrolysis

______ in refrigerators - adiabatic cooling - Kyoto protocol - no more CFC's - perfluorocarbons-when saturated with oxygen. Can breathe.

CFC/ Freons

CFC/FREON in refrigerators - _____cooling - Kyoto protocol - no more CFC's - perfluorocarbons-when saturated with oxygen. Can breathe.

Adiabatic cooling

________: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - little friction - no stick - if too hot ** breaks down into Cancer causing agents - used in ARTIFICIAL JOINTS

Teflon

TEFLON: _______ - little friction - no stick - if too hot ** breaks down into Cancer causing agents - used in ______

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) | Artificial joints

_____: never mix ammonia (NH4) with Clorox (HClO-) - it will create Cl2 (chlorine gas) - when you breathe Cl2, it turns to HCl in lungs - Cl- kills bacteria

Chlorine

CHLORINE: never mix ________with _______ - it will create CL2 CHLORINE GAS - when you breathe Cl2, it turns to HCl in lungs - Cl- kills bacteria

Ammonia (NH4) | Clorox (HClO-)

CHLORINE: never mix ammonia (NH4) with Clorox (HClO-) - it will create __________ - when you breathe Cl2, it turns to HCl in lungs - Cl- kills bacteria

Cl2 | Chlorine gas

_______: polyvinyl chloride | -plastic easily molded

PVC

PVC:_____ | -plastic easily molded

Polyvinyl chloride

______: the 1st high explosive - clear; consistency of honey - a glycerin - DOESNT need flame to detonate

Nitroglycerin

_______: discovered by Alfred Nobel - diatomaceous earth - diatoms (ocean floor decomp) - silica based - white cliffs of Dover - nitroglycerin soaked in diatoms - made it stable= dynamite - CONSTRUCTION, WEAPONS

Dynamite

``` DYNAMITE: discovered by Alfred Nobel -diatomaceous earth -diatoms (ocean floor decomp) -silica based -white cliffs of Dover -________soaked in diatoms -made it stable= dynamite -CONSTRUCTION, WEAPONS -Nobel puts the $ in the bank -intest ears 12 MILLION a year $12,000,000 = Nobel Peace Prize ```

Nitroglycerin

_______-WHITE version reacts with air | -smoke screens

Phosphorus

_________ - wash away serum and plasma - freeze RBC - you can donate your own blood to yourself (for rare blood types)

Autologous Blood Transfusions

Nitrogen in soil _______( How does nitrogen get into soil? 1.) LIGHTNING: rips apart N+O; creates O3 + NO3; NO3 goes in ground 2.) decay process plants and animals decompose. NO2- + NO3- produced 3.) nitrogen fixing bacteria -rhizomes contain bacteria -bacteria convert N2(g)--> NO3- 4.) artificially - spread NO3- onto soil * primary ways are decay and nitrogen-fixing bacteria

The nitrogen cycle