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NBCOT > Hands and UE > Flashcards

Hands and UE Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of treatment does the Duran protocol recommend

A

Early passive range of motion

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2
Q

What kind of treatment does the kleinert protocol recommend

A

Active extension of digits with passive flexion via traction

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3
Q

What is a benefit to early active motion

A

Prevent adhesions and promote tendon gliding

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4
Q

When would you immobilize a joint

A

For people incapable of caring for self like children or people with a low cognitive cognitive ability

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5
Q

Name six effects of cryotherapy

A 
Decreased edema 
decrease muscle spasm 
decrease inflammation 
decrease metabolic activity 
decreased nerve conduction velocity
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6
Q

What are the contraindications and precautions for use of cryotherapy

A 
Impaired circulation 
peripheral vascular disease
 hypersensitivity to cold 
impaired sensation 
open wounds or infections
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7
Q

What are the effects for thermotherapy

A

Increase blood flow
decrease muscle spasm
decreased pain

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8
Q

What are the precautions and contraindications for use of thermotherapy

A 
acute inflammation 
edema 
sensory impairment 
cancer
 blood clots
 infection 
cardiac problems 
impaired cognition
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9
Q

Misty effects of using continuous ultrasound

A 
Increase tissue extensibility
 increase blood flow 
decrease pain 
decrease joint stiffness 
decreased muscle spasm 
decreased chronic inflammation
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10
Q

Name the effects of pulsed ultrasound

A

Increase protein synthesis
increase bone healing
decrease inflammation

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11
Q

What is phonophoresis

A

Use of ultrasound to promote absorption of topically Applied medication to accelerate to to repair and decrease inflammation

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12
Q

What are the precautions and contraindications for use of ultrasound

A 
Pregnancy 
used over the eyes 
used over a pacemaker 
bleeding 
infection
 cancer 
blood clots and
 use over the growth plate of a children child
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13
Q

What are the effects of the use of NMES

A 
promote wound healing
 maintains muscle mass
 increased range of motion
 facilitates voluntary muscle control 
decreases edema 
increases muscle spasms 
decreases muscle spasticity
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14
Q

Name the effects of use of a TENS unit

A

Controls pain

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15
Q

What are the contraindications and precautions for use of electrical stimulation

A 
Don't place over pacemaker for carotid sinus or pregnant uterus or eyes.
epilepsy
 cancer
 infection 
cardiac disease 
history of stroke 
decreased sensation
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16
Q

Describe the splint used for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Wrist in neutral to 10 degrees of extension

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17
Q

Name the splint used for ulnar nerve injury at the wrist

A

Block MCP of fingers 4 + 5 to 30-45 degrees of flexion in order to prevent hyperextension

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18
Q

Type of splint used for radial nerve injury

A

Wrist cock up splint

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19
Q

Type of splint for pronator syndrome

A

Forearm and wrist in neutral elbow in 90 degrees of flexion

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20
Q

Type of splint for radial tunnel syndrome

A

position the wrist in 30 degrees of flexion supinate the forearm and have the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion

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21
Q

What is the purpose of a dynamic splint

A

To correct contractures increase passive range of motion and protect recent surgery

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22
Q

When evaluating range of motion on a brachial plexus injury how high can you abduct the shoulder

A

90 degrees

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23
Q

What kind of splint is used for a flexor tendon injury

A

Dorsal blocking splint

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24
Q

what is a resting hand splint used for

A

To prevent deformities like with rheumatoid arthritis

25
Q

What is a boutonniere deformity

A

Pip flexion and D IP hyperextension

26
Q

What is a swan neck deformity

A

PIP hyperextension and dip flexion

27
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture

A

Complete fracture of distal radius with Palmar displacement

28
Q

what are the symptoms of a radial nerve injury

A

Wrist drop lack of finger and thumb extension

29
Q

Name two assessments for upper extremity sensation

A

Semmes Weinstein monofilament used for nerve compression

two point discrimination used for nerve laceration and Recovery

30
Q

Name the symptoms of an ulnar nerve injury

A

Ulnar claw claw deformity numbness of ulnar side of hands generalized weakness with owner side of hand and pain

31
Q

What is a Colles fracture

A

Complete fracture of distal radius with dorsal displacement

32
Q

What are the symptoms of radial tunnel syndrome

A

Burning pain in the lateral forearm caused by entrapment of radial nerve between Radiohead and supinateor muscle

33
Q

What is De Quervain’s syndrome

A

It is a cumulative trauma resulting in tenosynovitis of the thumb and tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. It is caused by the forceful repetition of thumb abduction

34
Q

How should the elbow be splinted for cubital tunnel syndrome

A

between 30-90 degrees of flexion

35
Q

What is phalen’s test

A

Hold the wrist in full flexion for 1 minute to elicit changes in sensation to test for CTS

36
Q

What is tinel’s sign

A

Tap on the median nerve at the wrist or tap over cubital tunnel to elicit symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome or cubital tunnel syndrome

37
Q

What are the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome

A 
Allodynia 
hyper algia hyperpathia
 edema 
contractures 
 bluish or red shiny skin
  abnormal sweating and hair growth
 muscle spasms 
decreased strength 
low activity tolerance
38
Q

What is wartenberg sign

A

V finger is held abducted from the ring finger this shows entrapment of the radial nerve radial tunnel syndrome

39
Q

What is mallet finger

A

Avulsion of the terminal tendon

40
Q

What is mallet finger

A

Avulsion of the terminal tendon. Splint in full extension for 6 weeks

41
Q

What is the Finkelstein test

A

Place your thumb in your fist and ulnar deviate to test for dequervain’s syndrome

42
Q

what splint is used for dequervain’s syndrome

A

Forearm based thumb Spica

43
Q

What are the symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Decreased sensation in the little finger and on our half of the ring finger decreased grip and pinch strength

44
Q

what is cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Proximal ulnar nerve compression at elbow between the medial epicondyle and olecranon. Common causes of fracture at the elbow osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis diabetes

45
Q

What is froment’s sign

A

Flexion of the IP joints of the thumb when lateral pinch is attempted

46
Q

What are the interventions for complex regional pain syndrome

A

Gentle active range of motion for short periods stress loading pain control edema control desensitization and tendon gliding. Avoid passive range of motion

47
Q

what are the symptoms of a median nerve injury

A

Ape hand deformity sensory loss in the index middle and radio half of ring finger loss of pinch thumb opposition and decrease pronation

48
Q

when do you begin active range of motion for post fracture?

A

3-6 weeks post

49
Q

what is a Bennett’s FX?

A

intra-articular FX of thumb metacarpal bone

50
Q

what is Keinbock’s Disease?

A

necrosis of lunate bone

51
Q

what is a Boxer’s fx

A

FX of MCP of 4th and 5th digits

52
Q

what does a positive Froment’s sign indicate?

A

weak adductor policis and flexor policis

53
Q

What are two tests for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

(compressed upper ulnar nerve

A
  1. Wartenburg (5th finger abducted from 4th)

2. Froment (Flexed IP of the thumb with lateral pinch)

54
Q

What type of splint would benefit someone with OA of thumb CMC joint?

A

Hand-based thumb spica splint

The splint will support thumb as a functional post.

55
Q

Describe the purpose of a Dynamic MCP flexion splint

A

Provides correct angle of pull for finger loop = 90 degrees.

Distributes pressure more evenly to proximal phalanx

56
Q

What is the proper intervention for a nondisplaced humeral neck fracture?

A

Support with sling and supervised ROM

57
Q

When is MILD HEAT best used?

A

Before or during passive stretching to increase ROM, circulation, decrease discomfort

58
Q

When is DEEP HEAT best used?

A

Contractures
Scarring
Pain
Muscle spasms

59
Q

What is the focus of intervention for CRPS Type 1 (traumatic stage)?

A

Focus on pain and edema management with AROM

Include stress loading program

NBCOT (15 decks)

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