Handout Part 2 Flashcards
Atoms can obtain the ____________________________ of atoms of __________________ by gaining or losing electrons. When it does so, a _________________________ is formed.
stable electronic arrangements, noble gases; monatomic ion
Why do ions carry a charge?
This is because the number of protons are not equal to the number of electrons in an ion.
When an atom loses one or more electrons, a __________________________, or a ______________, is formed. The name of the newly formed ion is _________________________ the name of its atom.
positively charged ion, cation, the same as
An atom of a __________________/ __________________ has _____________________________ in its outermost shell/ may ____________________________________. Why?
metal, non-metal, easily removable electron(s), gain extra electrons; to get a stable electronic arrangement, usually that of an atom of the nearest noble gas.
When an atom gains one or more electrons, a __________________________, or an ______________, is formed. The name of the newly formed ion is _________________________ the name of its atom, mostly ending with “____”.
negatively charged, anion, different from, -ide
What are the two possible structures in noble gases? Describe both structures.
Duplet structure — in which the only and outermost shell of an ion/ atom has 2 electrons. It is only found in helium; and
Octet structure — in which the outermost shell of an ion/ atom has 8 electrons. It is found in all of the other noble gases and is the most common structure ions tend to have.
How can we determine the charge of positive and negative monatomic ions formed from atoms respectively?
the charge of a positive ion formed from the atom of a metal = group number of the metal
the charge of a negative ion formed from the atom of a non-metal = 8-group number of the non-metal
What are the elements in group 0 known as? Describe them.
Noble gases. They are extremely stable, or chemically inert; and they don’t form compounds.
What are the elements in group VII called? What is special about elements in this group?
Halogens. Halogens are coloured substances.
The melting point of elements __________________ across a period of the periodic table. Why?
This is because metals, which are located on the left, have higher melting points than non-metals, which are located on the right.
Why can hydrogen atoms form both H⁺ and H⁻ ions?
This is because a hydrogen atom may attempt to obtain a stable electronic arrangement, or to be more precise, a duplet structure by gaining an electron, forming a H⁻ ion. However, it may also choose to lose an electron and form a H⁺ ion, becoming a bare nucleus, as this structure is relatively more stable than that of a H⁻ ion.
How do we differentiate chemical properties from physical properties?
Chemical properties involve chemical reactions, in which a new substance is formed.
Which element is the most abundant one on the Earth?
Oxygen.
