Handout 4 Flashcards
pertains to the customary beliefs, social forms, and
material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.
culture
refers to a set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization.
culture
represents a perception that the organization’s members hold in common.
Organizational culture
expresses the core values that gives the organization its distinct personality.
dominant culture
the primary or dominant values accepted throughout the organization
core values
mini cultures within an organization, typically defined by department designations and geographical separation
subcultures
tend to develop in large organizations in response to common problems or experiences a group of members faces in the same department or location.
subcultures
The culture that should be existing in the tourism and hospitality industry
Service Culture
the organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared.
strong culture
opinions vary widely in the organization
weak culture
This culture anticipates guests’ needs and renders services accordingly before they ask for it. Guest satisfaction must be the topmost priority for any tourism and hospitality professional.
service culture
Functions of Culture
It has a boundary-defining role: it creates distinctions between organizations.
It conveys a sense of identity for organization members.
It facilitates commitment to something larger than self-interest.
It enhances the stability of the social system.
the lack of frequent face-to-face contact makes
establishing a common set of norms very difficult.
virtual organizations
refers to the shared perceptions that organizational members have about their organization and work environment.
Organizational climate
he conceived culture as to how organizations resolved a range of universal problems that could be divided into three (3) categories
Fons Trompenaars
universal problems that could be divided into three (3) categories:
a) those that arise from relationships with other people,
b) those that arise from the passing of time
c) those related to the environment.
individualism versus collectivism
The concept of self
the individual puts their needs before those of the group.
individualistic culture
a person’s identity depends on the individual’s role in the group, whether the group is represented by the family, the team, work, and the like.
collectivist culture
universalism versus particularism
The concept of obligations
apply absolute concepts in certain situations independently of circumstances or particular situations.
Universalist cultures
have no absolute concepts, and the way the individuals behave depends on the circumstances.
Particularist cultures
monochronic or polychronic
The concept of time
time is almost tangible; they talk of it as something that you can “find,” “save,” “fritter away”, or “lose.”
Monochronic
do not consider it tangible and pay more attention to human transactions than calendars.
Polychronic
activism compared to fatalism
The concept of control:
control is in the hands of individuals.
activist culture
control is not in the hands of the individual
fatalist culture,
influence our perception of time and space, and our way of relating to others.
Cultural dimensions
This dimension refers to the degree that the members with the least power in the organization accept and expect an unequal distribution of power.
Power distance.
we find organizations where the bonds between people are loose
individualism
we find societies where their members form strong, cohesive groups from the moment they are born;
collectivism
Studies show that some cultures are dominated by masculine values, such as domination and control. On the other hand, other cultures can be identified as feminine, where typical feminine values such as sensitivity and concern for others are predominant.
Masculinity versus femininity
refers to the tolerance that society shows to uncertainty and ambiguity and, therefore searching for the truth about humanity.
Uncertainty avoidance
identified in a later study based on a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars, in which 23 countries took part.
Short-term orientation versus long-term orientation
values associated with a long-term orientation
saving and perseverance
values associated with short-term orientation
respect for tradition, meeting social obligations, and the protection of personal “image.”
the vehicle through which nature adapts, competes, and evolves
Diversity
