Handout 1

Question 1

The modern workforce is made up of people of different:

Answer 1

genders, ages, ethnicity, religions, and
nationalities

Question 2

a field of study that investigates the impact of the three (3) determinants of behavior within organizations

Answer 2

Organizational behavior (OB)

Question 3

three (3) determinants of behavior within organizations

Answer 3

individuals, groups, and structures

Question 4

an applied behavioral science built on contributions from a number of other behavioral science disciplines

Answer 4

Organizational behavior (OB)

Question 5

Major Behavioral Science Disciplines

Answer 5

psychology
sociology
social psychology
anthropology

Question 6

It seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other
animals.

Answer 6

Psychology

Question 7

They studied the problems of fatigue, boredom, and other working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. Most recently, their contributions have expanded to include learning, motivation, personality, emotions, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, work design, and job stress.

Answer 7

Psychologist

Question 8

this discipline studies people concerning their
social environment or culture.

Answer 8

Sociology

Question 9

have contributed to OB through their study of group behaviors in organizations, particularly formal and complex ones. Their contributions include organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict.

Answer 9

Sociologists

Question 10

it blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people’s influence on one another.

Answer 10

Social Psychology

Question 11

One major study area is change – how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.

Answer 11

Social Psychology

Question 12

contribute to measuring, understanding, and changing attitudes, identifying communication patterns, and building trust. They have made significant contributions to the study of group behavior, power, and conflict.

Answer 12

Social psychologists

Question 13

It is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

Answer 13

Anthropology

Question 14

work on cultures and environments has helped people understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior among themselves in different countries and within various organizations. Much of today’s understanding of organizational culture and diversity is a result of their work

Answer 14

Anthropologists

Question 15

includes the organization’s vision, values, norms, systems, symbols, language, and beliefs.

Answer 15

Organizational culture

Question 16

It is a system of shared meaning based on written and unwritten rules that have been developed over time and are considered valid by members that distinguish the organization from other organizations

Answer 16

Organizational culture

Question 17

Seven (7) primary characteristics capture the essence of an organization’s culture

Answer 17

• Innovation and risk-taking
• Attention to detail
• Outcome orientation
• People orientation
• Team orientation
• Aggressiveness
• Stability

Question 18

the degree to which employees are encouraged to be pioneering, inventive, and take on possibilities.

Answer 18

Innovation and risk-taking

Question 19

the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, focus, and thorough analysis to specifics.

Answer 19

Attention to detail

Question 20

the degree to which management focuses on results rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve them.

Answer 20

Outcome orientation

Question 21

the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

Answer 21

People orientation

Question 22

the degree to which work activities are organized around groups rather than individuals

Answer 22

Team orientation

Question 23

the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing

Answer 23

Aggressiveness

Question 24

the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in
contrast to growth.

Answer 24

Stability

Question 25

refers to the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Answer 25

Multicultural diversity

Question 26

It is the result of an organizational culture based on race, ethnicity, age, religion, or gender.

Answer 26

Multicultural diversity

Question 27

a person’s biological or physical characteristics, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye color

Answer 27

Race

Question 28

refers to cultural factors, including one’s nationality, geographic culture, ancestry, and language.

Answer 28

Ethnicity

Question 29

Benefits of Multicultural Diversity

Answer 29

• It increases people’s interpersonal skills
• It expands innovation and creativity.
• It provides a wider range of languages spoken
• It grows a company’s credibility
• It increases productivity on complex tasks

Question 30

people from different cultures, when working
together, can easily understand others’ views, thus increasing teamwork.

Answer 30

It increases people’s interpersonal skills

Question 31

Indeed, employees of different backgrounds can help out a lot when it’s time to create new projects.

Answer 31

It expands innovation and creativity.

Question 32

It also means different solutions to a common problem.

Answer 32

It expands innovation and creativity.

Question 33

With an increasing number of international guests or customers, employees in a company can benefit from learning new language/s and thereby expand their knowledge.

Answer 33

It provides a wider range of languages spoken

Question 34

having people from various backgrounds can make the company more attractive or marketable to potential guests and future workforce

Answer 34

It grows a company’s credibility

Question 35

A multicultural working environment leads to more effective implementation of the tasks with different people engaged in it.

Answer 35

It increases productivity on complex tasks.

Question 36

Challenges Concerning Organizational Behavior

Answer 36

• Continuing Globalization
• Workforce Demographics
• Workforce Diversity
• Social Media
• Employee Well-Being at Work
• Positive Work Environment
• Ethical Behavior

Question 37

National borders no longer constrain organizations since the world has become a “global village”. In the process, organization leaders’ job has changed.

Answer 37

Continuing Globalization

Question 38

Effective leaders anticipate and adapt their approaches to global issues concerning organizational behavior.

Answer 38

Continuing Globalization

Question 39

enhanced the diversity experienced in the hospitality and tourism industry because
of its multicultural nature

Answer 39

Globalization

Question 40

The workforce has always adapted to variations in the economy, longevity, birth rates, socioeconomic conditions, and other changes that have a widespread impact.

Answer 40

Workforce Demographics

Question 41

People adapt to survive, and OB studies the way those adaptations affect individual and group behavior.

Answer 41

Workforce Demographics

Question 42

This trend is one of the most important challenges for organizations

Answer 42

Workforce Diversity

Question 43

This happens when organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of employees’ gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other characteristics

Answer 43

Workforce Diversity

Question 44

Despite its universality, many organizations continue to struggle with employees’ use of this in the workplace.

Answer 44

Social Media

Question 45

This difficult issue on this usage shows how today’s organization managers are presented with both a challenge and an opportunity for OB. They need to adopt policies designed to protect employees and their organizations with balance and understanding.

Answer 45

Social Media

Question 46

One of the biggest challenges to maintain this is the reality that many workers never get away from the virtual workplace; at some point, employees don’t feel like they are not part of a team.

Answer 46

Employee Well-Being at Work.

Question 47

A growing area in OB research is referred to as positive organizational behavior (POB), which studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential.

Answer 47

Positive Work Environment

Question 48

Key subjects in this research are engagement, hope, optimism, and resilience in the face of strain. POB does not deny the value of the negative (such as critical feedback).

Answer 48

Positive Work Environment

Question 49

It challenges researchers to look at it through a new lens and pushes the organization to make use of employees’ strengths rather than dwell on their limitations. Some organizations employ “culture officers” to shape and preserve the company’s personality.

Answer 49

Positive Work Environment

Question 50

In an organizational world characterized by downturns, expectations of increasing
productivity, and tough competition, it is not surprising that many employees feel pressured to cut corners, break rules, and engage in other questionable practices.

Answer 50

Ethical Behavior

Question 51

Today’s manager must create an ethically healthy culture for employees in which they can do their
work productively with minimal uncertainty about right and wrong behaviors. Companies that
promote a strong ethical mission, encourage employees to behave with integrity, and provide strong leadership can influence employee decisions to behave ethically. Increasingly they face ethical dilemmas and choices in which they are required to identify right and wrong conduct.

Answer 51

Ethical Behavior