Handout 1: Resp Sys 1 Flashcards
primary muscles of inspiration
diaphragm, external intercostals
primary muscles of expiration
abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominal) and internal intercostals
secondary muscles of exp/insp
several neck and thorax muscles
quiet breathing involves
Primarily contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm
adult quiet rest breathing rate
12-18 BPM
Infant quiet rest breathing rate
40-70 BPM
children quiet rest breathing rate
18-25 bpm
Why is the rate of quiet rest breathing the way it is?
inhale/exhale time 40/60%; nose breathing predominates over mouth, abdominal movements (diaphragm) predominate over rib cage movements
tidal volume
the volume of air that we breath in and out during a cycle of respiration
norms for TV for age/gender
adult male = 600 - 750 cubic centimetres (cc) or millilitres (ml) or .60 - .75 litres (l)
adult female = 450 cc
increases with age; 7yrs = 200 cc; 13yrs = 390 cc (see table 2.5 or (7.5))
Vital capacity
volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation
total volume of air available
combination of 3 volume; 1. inspiratory reserve volume 2. expiratory reserve volume 3. tidal volume
norms for VC by age
VC for young adults 5000 – 5300 cc
VC for children 5yrs = 1000 – 1200 cc; 13yrs = 3000 - 3500 cc (table 2.5 or (7.5))
VC decreases by about 10-20% for older adults; 75yrs = 4500 cc (table 2.6 or (7.6))
Within your total respiratory range (vital capacity), where does your rest breathing take place?
10%
Within your total respiratory range (vital capacity), where does your speech breathing take place?
20%
Within your total respiratory range (vital capacity), where does your loud speech breathing take place?
40%
