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Upper Extremity Injury Assessment > Hand and Wrist > Flashcards

Hand and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the forearm flexors are supplied by what nerve?

A

Median

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2
Q

Most of the forearm extensors are supplied by what nerve?

A

Radial

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3
Q

What arteries supply the forearm?

A

Ulnar and radial

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4
Q

Where do ganglion cysts develop?

A

In the extensor tendons

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5
Q

What is the functional carrying angle?

A

The palm is turned in with 20-30 degrees of finger flexion with about 15 degrees of wrist extension

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6
Q

What is the MOI of mallet finger?

A

Blow to the tip of the finger

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7
Q

What is mallet finger?

A

Avulsion of the extensor tendon

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8
Q

What does the patient present with a mallet finger?

A

Pain at the DIP and they can’t actively extend the DIP

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9
Q

What degrees does someone with a mallet finger carry their DIP at?

A

30 of flexion (they can’t extend)

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10
Q

What does the x-ray show in the case of a mallet finger?

A

Avulsed bone on the dorsal proximal distal phalanx

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11
Q

Which is more acute, a mallet finger or boutonniere deformity?

A

Mallet finger

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12
Q

Which is more chronic, a mallet finger or boutonniere deformity?

A

Boutonniere deformity

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13
Q

What is a boutonniere deformity?

A

A rupture of the extensor tendon (central slip) at the middle phalanx–it forces the DIP into extension and the PIP into flexion

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14
Q

Why does a boutonniere deformity force the PIP into flexion and the DIP into extension?

A

The lateral bands are still pulling on the joint

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15
Q

What causes a boutonniere deformity?

A

The bones slip into the space where the tendon used to be and then they get stuck.

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a boutonniere deformity?

A

Severe pain, obvious deformity, and an inability to extend the PIP…there is also swelling and point tenderness

17
Q

What is the immediate treatment of a boutonniere deformity?

A

Splint the PIP

18
Q

How long will a boutonniere deformity be immobilized?

A

6 weeks

19
Q

What is the treatment for a mallet finger?

A

Splint the DIP in extension–it will have to be splinted for about 6 weeks

20
Q

What is a jersey finger?

A

A rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon from its insertion on the distal phalanx.

21
Q

What causes a jersey finger?

A

An eccentric load on the DIP joint

22
Q

What finger does a jersey finger typically affect?

A

Ring finger

23
Q

What is a common MOI of jersey finger?

A

An athlete trying to grab a jersey and putting an eccentric load on the DIP

24
Q

What is the treatment for jersey finger?

A

Surgery

25
Q

What happens with the athlete with a jersey finger?

A

The DIP cannot be flexed so the finger remains extended

26
Q

What is more chronic of an injury? Jersey finger or swan neck deformity?

A

Swan neck deformity

27
Q

What happens with a swan neck deformity?

A

A distal tear of the volar plate

28
Q

What happens with a pseudoboutonniere deformity?

A

A proximal tear of the volar plate

29
Q

What does the volar plate do?

A

Prevents hyperextension and creates a firm endfeel when the fingers are extended

30
Q

With a swan neck deformity or pseudoboutonniere deformity, what happens with the middle phalanx?

A

It slides down where the volar plate would be–so it causes hyperextension at the PIP and flexion at the DIP. This creates extra stress to be placed on the tendons

31
Q

What does a white line running through a nail indicate?

A

A past trauma (3-4 months prior) to the nail bed while it was growing

32
Q

What do clubbed nails indicate?

A

Cardiovascular disease

33
Q

What do spoon nails indicate?

A

A fungus or vitamin deficiency

34
Q

What do scaling or ridging of nails indicate?

A

Psoriasis

35
Q

What do ridging and more development of nails indicate?

A

Hyperthyroidism

36
Q

What is an acute injury, swan neck deformity or jersey finger?

A

Jersey finger

37
Q

True or false:

The radius and ulna typically fracture individually.

A

True

Upper Extremity Injury Assessment (7 decks)

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