Elbow Powerpoint

Question 1

Triangle Sign

Answer 1

Isosceles triangle made by medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and olecranon process
-straight line when extended

Question 2

Cubital Fossa

Answer 2

Elbow crease

Question 3

Radial head is held to the ulna via

Answer 3

Annular ligament

Question 4

Flexion and Extension ROM

Answer 4

155-0 degrees

Question 5

Pronation and Supination ROM

Answer 5

90 degrees each

Question 6

Acute Injuries

Answer 6

Contusions, olecranon bursitis, elbow dislocation, supracondylar Fx, compartment syndrome, Volkmann’s contracture, olecranon Fx, radial head Fx, ligament injuries, EOD, OCD, etc.

Question 7

Contusions may lead to…

Answer 7

Acute bursitis

Question 8

Olecranon bursitis etiology

Answer 8

Direct blow to elbow

Question 9

S/s of olecranon bursitis

Answer 9

Pain, swelling, and point tenderness

Question 10

Management of olecranon bursitis

Answer 10

RICE and padding for return to play

Question 11

Etiology of elbow dislocation

Answer 11

FOOSH w/ elbow slightly flexed or severe twist while flexed

Question 12

Elbow dislocations typically occur in ??? direction

Answer 12

Posterior / posterior lateral

Question 13

Terrible triad of the elbow

Answer 13

Dislocation, radial head Fx, and coronoid process Fx

Question 14

S/s of elbow dislocation

Answer 14

Obvious deformity, swelling, severe pain, disability

Question 15

Management of elbow dislocation

Answer 15

NAV, immobilize, immediate referral

Question 16

Supracondylar Fx MOI

Answer 16

FOOSH w/ elbow extended

Question 17

Supracondylar Fx more common in

Answer 17

Skeletally immature individuals

Question 18

5P’s of compartment syndrome

Answer 18

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness

Question 19

S/s of forearm compartment syndrome

Answer 19

Swelling, hard and shiny arm

-medical emergency

Question 20

Etiology of Volkmann’s contracture

Answer 20

Ischemia

- can become permanent

Question 21

S/s of Volkmann’s contracture

Answer 21

Pain in forearm, passive extension of fingers, coldness in arm, decreased motion

Question 22

Management of Volkmann’s contracture

Answer 22

Remove elastic wrap or cast, monitor

Question 23

Olecranon Fx MOI

Answer 23

Direct blow

Question 24

Classification of olecranon Fx

Answer 24

Mayo classification

Three types

Question 25

Radial head Fx MOI

Answer 25

FOOSH

Question 26

Radial head Fx is common w/ what?

Answer 26

Elbow dislocation

- difficult to Dx

Question 27

Annular ligament sprain is also known as? Cause?

Answer 27

Nursemaid’s elbow - commonly caused by a jerk of a young child’s arm

Question 28

Elbow osteochondritis dissecans (EOD) etiology

Answer 28

Repetitive micro trauma, imparement of blood supply, degeneration of articular cartilage

Question 29

EOD common in

Answer 29

Young throwing athletes

Question 30

S/s of EOD

Answer 30

Sudden pain, locking; range usually returns in a few days, swelling/pain at radiohumeral joint

Question 31

OCD management

Answer 31

NSAID’s, splint and cast in case of extensive deterioration

Question 32

UCL Etiology

Answer 32

Repetitive valgus force

- one throw and a pop

Question 33

UCL Management

Answer 33

RICE, NSAID’s, reduce throws
OR
Surgery if needed

Question 34

What is used as a UCL graft?

Answer 34

Palmaris Longus

Question 35

Medial Epicondylitis etiology

Answer 35

Repeated wrist flexion/valgus torque

Question 36

S/s of medial epicondylitis

Answer 36

Pain w/ forceful flexion, point tenderness/mild swelling, passive movements hurt but not active

Question 37

Little league elbow is also known as…

Answer 37

Traction apophysitis of medial epicondyle

Question 38

Lateral epicondylitis is also known as…

Answer 38

Tennis elbow

Question 39

Tinel’s sign tests what nerves?

Answer 39

Ulnar, median, radial

Question 40

Pronator Teres Syndrome caused by

Answer 40

Entrapment of median nerve by pronator teres

- mistaken for carpal tunnel

Question 41

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is caused by

Answer 41

Entrapment under pronator teres

Question 42

Test for anterior interosseous nerve syndrome

Answer 42

Pinch grip test

Question 43

Carrying Angle

Answer 43

Males: 5-10 degrees
Females: 10-15 degrees