Elbow Powerpoint Flashcards
Triangle Sign
Isosceles triangle made by medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and olecranon process
-straight line when extended
Cubital Fossa
Elbow crease
Radial head is held to the ulna via
Annular ligament
Flexion and Extension ROM
155-0 degrees
Pronation and Supination ROM
90 degrees each
Acute Injuries
Contusions, olecranon bursitis, elbow dislocation, supracondylar Fx, compartment syndrome, Volkmann’s contracture, olecranon Fx, radial head Fx, ligament injuries, EOD, OCD, etc.
Contusions may lead to…
Acute bursitis
Olecranon bursitis etiology
Direct blow to elbow
S/s of olecranon bursitis
Pain, swelling, and point tenderness
Management of olecranon bursitis
RICE and padding for return to play
Etiology of elbow dislocation
FOOSH w/ elbow slightly flexed or severe twist while flexed
Elbow dislocations typically occur in ??? direction
Posterior / posterior lateral
Terrible triad of the elbow
Dislocation, radial head Fx, and coronoid process Fx
S/s of elbow dislocation
Obvious deformity, swelling, severe pain, disability
Management of elbow dislocation
NAV, immobilize, immediate referral
Supracondylar Fx MOI
FOOSH w/ elbow extended
Supracondylar Fx more common in
Skeletally immature individuals
5P’s of compartment syndrome
Pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness
S/s of forearm compartment syndrome
Swelling, hard and shiny arm
-medical emergency
Etiology of Volkmann’s contracture
Ischemia
- can become permanent
S/s of Volkmann’s contracture
Pain in forearm, passive extension of fingers, coldness in arm, decreased motion
Management of Volkmann’s contracture
Remove elastic wrap or cast, monitor
Olecranon Fx MOI
Direct blow
Classification of olecranon Fx
Mayo classification
Three types
Radial head Fx MOI
FOOSH
Radial head Fx is common w/ what?
Elbow dislocation
- difficult to Dx
Annular ligament sprain is also known as? Cause?
Nursemaid’s elbow - commonly caused by a jerk of a young child’s arm
Elbow osteochondritis dissecans (EOD) etiology
Repetitive micro trauma, imparement of blood supply, degeneration of articular cartilage
EOD common in
Young throwing athletes
S/s of EOD
Sudden pain, locking; range usually returns in a few days, swelling/pain at radiohumeral joint
OCD management
NSAID’s, splint and cast in case of extensive deterioration
UCL Etiology
Repetitive valgus force
- one throw and a pop
UCL Management
RICE, NSAID’s, reduce throws
OR
Surgery if needed
What is used as a UCL graft?
Palmaris Longus
Medial Epicondylitis etiology
Repeated wrist flexion/valgus torque
S/s of medial epicondylitis
Pain w/ forceful flexion, point tenderness/mild swelling, passive movements hurt but not active
Little league elbow is also known as…
Traction apophysitis of medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondylitis is also known as…
Tennis elbow
Tinel’s sign tests what nerves?
Ulnar, median, radial
Pronator Teres Syndrome caused by
Entrapment of median nerve by pronator teres
- mistaken for carpal tunnel
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is caused by
Entrapment under pronator teres
Test for anterior interosseous nerve syndrome
Pinch grip test
Carrying Angle
Males: 5-10 degrees
Females: 10-15 degrees
