Hand Flashcards
State the contents of the anatomical snuffbox.
Radial artery
Branch of radial nerve
Cephalic vein
Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is an indicator of what injury?
Fracture of scaphoid
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
Medial border: Tendon of ExtensorPollicis longus
Lateral border: Tendons of Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor pollicis brevis
State the structures forming the floor of the anatomical snuffbox.
Scaphoid
Trapezium
Select the incorrect answer; The skin of the palm
a) is rich in sweat glands
b) is rich in sebaceous glands
c) is immobile
d) Has creases where it is firmly bound to deep fascia
b)
The skin of the palm has NO SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Which muscle is found in the superficial fascia of the palm?
Palmaris brevis
State the 3 specializations of the deep fascia of the palm.
- Flexor retinaculum
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Flexor sheaths of digits
The transverse carpal ligament is another name for which structure in the hand?
The flexor retinaculum
State the attachments of the transverse carpal ligament.
Medially (Hook of hamate and pisiform)
Laterally (Scaphoid and Trapezium)
What is the name of the superficial slip of the flexor retinaculum?
Volar carpal ligament/Palmar carpal ligament
VOLAR CARPAL LIGAMENT is another name for which structure?
Flexor retinaculum superficial slip also called palmar carpal ligament
The flexor retinaculum is a thickening of which fascia?
Deep fascia of forearm (antebrachial fascia)
State the attachments of the palmar aponeurosis.
apex - blends with flexor retinaculum and palmarus longus tendon
base - splits into 4 before metacarpals, each splits into 2 slips to blend with flexor sheaths of tendons
medial - blends with hypothenar fascia
lateral - blends with thenar fascia
State the functions of the palmar aponeurosis.
- Protects nerves and vessels
2. Improves grip by keeping skin fixed
Describe Duputren’s Contracture.
Fibrosis (fibrous tissue buildup) on fascia on palm, causing flexion deformity of DIP and PIP joints of usually little and ring fingers (but can involve other fingers; thumb and fingers not usually affected)
Treatment involves fasciectomy to relieve pressure
What is the clinical basis of Trigger finger?
Thickening of long flexor tendon causes finger to get locked in full flexion which can be undone only with assistance from opposite hand; extension occurs suddenly with a click sound
What are vincula?
thin connective tissue bands connectinglong flexor sheaths to phalanges
Name the 3 major synovial sheaths in the hand.
- Radial bursa (encloses flexor pollicis longus & blends with synovial sheath of thumb)
- Ulnar bursa (blends with synovial sheath of little finger)
- Digital synovial sheaths (of all the digits)
What is TENOSYNOVITIS?
Infection and inflammation of long flexor sheaths
Causes; small penetrating wounds ex: pricks
Symptoms; swelling of digits from collection of pus in synovial sheaths, pain in digits when trying to flex
Which arteries complete the superficial palmar arch of the ulnar artery?
From radial artery;
- superficial palmar branch
- princeps pollicis
- radialis indicis
What are the 5 groups of muscles in the hand?
Thenar Hypothenar Adductor pollicis Interossei Lumbricals
