Hand Flashcards
CMC joint- thumb articulation
Trapezium and base of metacarpal 1
MCP joint- thumb articulation
Head of first metacarpal, base of first proximal phalanx
Ip joint-thumb articulation
Head of proximal phalanx, base of distal phalanx
Cmc joint 2-5
Trapezoid, second. Capitate, third. Hamate, fourth and fifth
Mcp joint 2-5
Had a first metacarpal, base of first proximal phalanx
Pip joint 2-5
Head of proximal phalanx, base of middle phalanx
Dip joint 2-5
Head of middle phalanx, bees of distal phalanx
CmC flexion of thumb
Frontal plane, sagittal axis. Thumb toward fifth digit. Parallel plane
Cmc extension of thumb
Frontal plane, sagittal axis
Thumb away from fifth digit
CmC abduction of thumb
Sagittal plane, frontal axis.
Thumb away from palm into perpendicular plane
Cmc adduction of thumb
Sagittal plane, frontal axis.
Thumb toward palm
Mcp abduction 2-5
Second, fourth, fifth digit away from third digit. Their digit in either direction
Mcp adduction 2-5
Second, fourth, fifth digits move back toward third digit. Third digit cannot adduction.
CmC joint thumb- structure
Trapezium (concave) , base of first metacarpal (convex). Biaxial saddle joint
Sagg plane: ad&abduction
Frontal plane: flx&exd
Sag plane: Thumb during abduction, some moving anteriorly and base of the first metacarpal moving posteriorly. Opposite direction
Frontal: trapezium is convex, base of 1st metacarpal is concave. Same direction
Mcp and Ip joint structure-thumb
Both uniaxial hinge joints. Flexion and extension in sagittal plane. Concave on convex. Same direction
CmC joint structure 2-5
Non-axial plane shaped synovial joint. Sliding in gliding, more at digits four and five.
Mcp joint structure 2-5
By axial condyle joint. Flexion and extension and sagittal plane, abduction and adduction in frontal plane. Concave on convex, same direction. Heads of metacarpal, bases of proximal phalanx.
Pip and dip joint structure
Uniaxial hinge joint. Flexion and extension in sagittal plane. Concave on convex, same direction.
Pip: heads of proximal phalanx, bases of middle phalanx
Dip: heads of middle phalanx, bases of distal phalanx
Palmar carpal ligament
Proximal, styloid processes of radius and Ulna. Holds a flexor tendons down
Transverse carpal ligament
Medially on Pisiform and hook of hamate. Laterally on scaphoid and trapezium
Carpal tunnel
Median nerve compressed, digits one, two, three
Extensor retinaculum
Ulnar styloid process, Triquetum.
Holds down extensor tendons
Extensor expansion ligament. Extensor hood, 2-5
Attachment on middle and distal phalanx’s for many muscles
Arches of hand, proximal carpal arch
Carpals and proximal end of metacarpals
Arches of hand, distill carpal arch
Head of metacarpals
Arches of hand, longitudinal arch
Wrist, through to the tips of fingers
Prehension
Hans ability to hold our grasp in manipulate objects.
Non-prehensile activities include scratching using the palm to push, pointing.
In order for functional prehension to occur, the proximal segment of the upper extremity must place the hand and appropriate position in space
Release
Being able to release an object in equally as important as grasping object. Role of MP and IP extensors
Sensation
In order to manipulate objects, the hand must have normal sensation!
Without sensation one would be dependent on visual feedback alone
Radio, median, Aller nerves provide the hand with its sensory innervation
Functional position of the hand
Optimal position for the wrist and hand to be most effective in terms of strength and precision, rest at 20-30 degrees and extension, MCP and P IP joint are slightly flexed in the thumb is in opposition
Power grip
When I object needs to be held forcefully when being moved. Occurs at proximal joint segment, fingers usually wrap around the object in One Direction and the thumb in the other.
Cylindrical drip grip
Fingers are flexed around an object in orientation perpendicular to the forearm, some wraps around objects in other direction overlapping fingers, holding a hammer
Cylindrical grip variation
Fingers flexed around hand of an object in a graded fashion, fifth finger flexed the most and second finger flexed the least. Thumb is parallel to handle of object. Holding a screwdriver
Spherical grip
Fingers and thumb or slightly spread apart in adducted around an object. Holding a doorknob
Hook grip
Flexion of digits 2–5 around an object in a hook like matter, does not use thumb. Holding a handle of suitcase
Precision grip
When an object needs to be manipulated in a finer movement, threading a needle or holding a pen
Pad to pad grip
Bringing the pads of the foam in one or several fingers together
Pinch grip
Pad to pad grip involving the thumb and one finger most commonly the index finger
Three jaw chuck, tripod grasp
Most common form of precision a grip, pad to pad grip involving the thumb and two fingers usually the middle and index fingers, holding a pen
Tip to tip, pincer grip
Bringing the tip off the phone I’m up against the tip of another digit, picking up a coin
Pad to side grip
The pad of the extended some presses an object against the radio side of the index finger, grasping a key to put it in the ignition.
Can’t be performed by a person who has lost thumb opposition
Side to side grip
An object being held between two adopted fingers usually the index finger in the middle finger, weak grip, twirling a pen holding a cigarette
Lumbrical grip
MCP joint flexed and PIP and D IP extended with the thumb opposing the fingers holding in the object, holding a plate. When something needs to be held horizontally
