Hand Flashcards
Name the muscles in the hypothenar compartment.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Name the muscle in the adductor region of the hand.
Adductor Pollicis
Name the muscle in the ‘other compartment’ of the hand (not in the thenar, hypothenar, adductor, central, or interosseous compartments)
Palmaris Brevis
Name the muscle type in the central compartment of the hand
Lumbricals
How many lumbricals are there?
4
Name the muscles in the interosseous compartment
Palmar interossei and Dorsal Interossei
How many interossei are there?
3 Palmar and 4 Dorsal
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion:
Lateral side of proximal phalange
Innervation:
Superficial head = Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Deep head = Ulnar Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Taught as Median Nerve
Action:
Superficial head = Flexion of thumb at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints.
Deep head = Adducts thumb
Test:
Resisted thumb flexion (can normally see + palpate muscle. Be aware that Flexor Pollicis Longus also does flexion).
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion:
Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Abduction of thumb and helps with opposition.
Test:
Resisted thumb abduction. Can normally palpate + see muscle.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Opponens Pollicis
Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion:
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Opposes the thumb (by drawing metacarpal 1 towards centre of Palm, and rotating it medially). Acts exclusively at carpometacarpal joint.
Test:
None listed.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Hand)
Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + hook of hamate
Insertion:
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit.
Test:
None listed.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Origin:
Pisiform
Insertion:
Medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Abducts little finger and also assists with flexion of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.
Test:
None listed.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + hook of hamate
Insertion:
Medial border of metacarpal 5
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Opposition (draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it laterally - acts exclusively at carpometacarpal joint).
Test:
None listed.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Adductor Pollicis
Origin:
Oblique head - Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal + adjacent carpals
Transverse head - Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal
Insertion:
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Adducts the thumb towards the lateral side of the Palm.
Test:
None listed.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Palmaris Brevis
Origin:
Palmar aponeurosis + flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
Dermis of hand on medial side
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Helps to form creases when cupping the hand - this deepens the cup. Also helps to increase grip.
Test:
None listed.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Lateral Lumbricals
Origin:
Lateral 2 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (as unipennate muscles)
Insertion:
Wrap dorsally and medially around fingers to then insert into 2nd and 3rd digit extensor expansions.
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd + 3rd digits.
Test:
Place palm facing up. Ask patient to flex at metacarpophalangeal joint whilst keeping interphalangeal joints extended. Examiner places a single finger across the palmar side of the proximal phalanges. When flexion at MCP joint is maintained, examiner can individually apply resistance to middle + distal phalanges to test the extension at the IP joints.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Medial Lumbricals
Origin:
Medial 3 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (as bipennate muscles)
Insertion:
Wrap distally and medially around 4th and 5th digit, inserting into their extensor expansions.
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Flex at metacarpophalangeal joints and extend at interphalangeal joints of 4th and 5th digits.
Test:
Place hand with palm up. Ask patient to flex metacarpophalangeal joints whilst extending interphalangeal joints. Examiner can use a single finger to press on palmar surface of proximal phalanges of fingers. Whilst flexion at MCP joints is maintained, examiner can individually apply resistance to the middle and distal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digit to test the extension of the IP joints.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Palmar Interossei
Origin:
2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)
Insertion:
Bases of proximal phalanges + extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits.
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Adducts 2nd,4th, and 5th digits towards midline (middle finger). Also assists lumbricals in flexion of MCP joints and extension of IP joints.
Test:
Place finger between adjacent fingers and tell patient to adduct their fingers to prevent paper being pulled out.
Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Dorsal Interossei
Origin:
Between the 5 metacarpals as bipennate muscles.
Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanges + extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits.
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Abduction of 2nd,3rd,4th fingers away from axial line (little finger and thumb have their own abductors so do not need these). Also helps lumbricals with flexion of MCP joints and extension of IP joints.
Test:
Ask patient to spread their fingers apart whilst examiner uses middle finger + thumb (or more fairly, 2 index fingers) applying resistance around 2 adjacent fingers - trying to push them together.
Name the muscles the the thenar compartment of the hand.
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis
