Hand

Question 1

Rotate the hands laterally until the digits are separated on a 45 degrees foam wedge

Answer 1

Hand digits PA Oblique Rotation (Lateral Projection)

Question 2

Lewis suggested directing the CR 10-15 degrees along the long axis of the thumb toward the wrist to show the 1st metacarpal free of the soft tissue

Answer 2

Thumb AP Projection

Question 3

Perpendicular entering at the 1st CMC joint

Answer 3

Robert Method

Question 4

Angled 15 degrees proximally along the long axis of the thumb and entering the 1st CMC joint

Answer 4

Long & Rafert Modification

Question 5

Angled 10 to 15 degrees proximally along the long axis of the thumb and entering the 1st MCP joint

Answer 5

Lewis modification

Question 6

This image shows a magnified concavoconvex outline of the 1st CMC joint

Answer 6

Burman Method

Question 7

This projection demonstrates the MCP joints & metacarpal phalangeal angle bilaterally

Answer 7

Folio method

Question 8

PA obliwue position could be obtained by rotating patient’s hand laterally (externally) from the pronated position until fingertips touch the IR

Answer 8

For metacarpals examinations

Question 9

Superimposition of the phalanges is elimin. The digits are placed on a sponge wedge. The thumb is abducted & placed on sponge for support.

Answer 9

Fan lateral

Question 10

It superimposes the metacarpals; phalanges are individually demonstrated except the most proximal portion of the proximal phalanges

Answer 10

Fan lateral

Question 11

Used in early detection of the rheumatoid arthritis. Place radiolucent sponge (45 degree) against both hands

Answer 11

Norgaard method or Ball Catchers

Question 12

Recommended projection as to demonstrate the fracture on the base of the 5th metacarpal

Answer 12

Stapczynski

Question 13

Same position (Norgaard method) of the hands but the fingers are not extended (cupped) as if catching a ball

Answer 13

Modified position

Question 14

A PA projection of the carpals, the distal radius and ulna the proximal metacarpal is shown

Answer 14

Wrist PA projection

Question 15

The carpal interspaces are better demonstrated in the AP than the PA projection. Because of the interspaces oblique direction, they are more nearly parallel with the divergence of the x-ray beam.

Answer 15

Wrist AP projection

Question 16

This position demonstrate the carpals on the lateral side of the wrist, particuluthr scaphoid, which is superimposed on itself in the direction of PA projection

Answer 16

Wrist Lateral Position

Question 17

This position separates the pisiform from the adjacent carpal bones. It also gives a more distinct image of the triquetrum and hamate

Answer 17

Wrist AP Oblique position

Question 18

Sometimes required CR angulations of 10-15 proximally or distally. This opens the spaces between the adjacent carpals on the lateral side of the wrist.

Answer 18

Flr ion Positions: Ulnar Flexion

Question 19

This position opens the interspaces between the carpals on the medial side of the wrist.

Answer 19

Flexion position: Radial Flexion

Question 20

The 20 degrees angulation of the wrist places the scaphoidbat the right angles to the central ray so that it is projected without self-imposition.

Answer 20

Stecher Method

Question 21

This position demonstrates the trapezium and the articulations with the adjacent carpal bone

Answer 21

Clements Nakayama method

Question 22

Directed the central ray 45 degrees distally so it enters the anatomic snuff-box of the wrist and passes through the trapezium

Answer 22

Clements Nakayama method

Question 23

4 separate exposures are made at 0, 10, 20, 30 degrees cephalad

Answer 23

Scaphoid series (Rafert long method)

Question 24

Digits that cannot be extended can be examined in small sections. When injury is suspected, an AP Projection is recommended instead of PA projection.

Answer 24

Hand Digits PA Projection