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Anatomy Muscles > Hand > Flashcards

Hand Flashcards

1
Q

How many groups can muscles of hands b classified into?

A

2 groups:
1. Intrinsic
2. Extrinsic

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2
Q

What are intrinsic muscles of hand? Name them?

A

That originate and insert within the hand
These are:
1.Dorsal interossei,
2.Palmar interossei
3.Lumbricals,
4.Thenar muscles,
5.Hypothenar muscles.

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3
Q

What are extrinsic muscles of hand?

A

These are located in anterior & posterior compartment of forearm

Include:
1. flexor digitorum profundus, 2. flexor digitorum superficialis, 3.flexor carpi ulnaris
4. flexor carpi radialis
5. extensor digitorum
6.extensor carpi radialis.

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4
Q

What intrinsic muscles are on the thumb side?

A

Thenar muscles

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5
Q

Towards the little finger are which intrinsic muscle of hand?

A

Hypothenar

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6
Q

What is thenar eminence?

A

The buldge in the hand

The thenar eminence is the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb, formed by the thenar muscles.
The thenar muscles include the abductor pollicis brevis,
flexor pollicis brevis,
and opponens pollicis.

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7
Q

Name the thenar muscles (short muscles of the thumb)?
What is their common origin?
What is the origin of adductor pollicis?

A

The thenar muscles include
1.Abductor pollicis brevis
2.Flexor pollicis brevis
3.Opponens pollicis (deepest)

Common origin
Flexor Retinaculum

. Adductor pollicis
Origin

(Oblique head) - 2nd & 3rd
Metacarpal bone

(Transverse head) - 3rd metacarpal bone

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8
Q

What is hypothenar eminence?

A

The hypothenar eminence is the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger,
formed by the hypothenar muscles.

The hypothenar muscles include the
1.Abductor digiti minimi 2.Flexor digiti minimi ,
3.Opponens digiti minimi

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9
Q

Name the hypothenar muscles (short muscles of little finger)?

A

(just replace the “pollicis” of thenar muscles with “digiti minimi”)

The hypothenar muscles include the
1.Abductor digiti minimi(proximally)
2.Flexor digiti minimi(distilly)
3.Opponens digiti minimi(deep)

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10
Q

What structure is between the thenar and hypothenar muscles,
Arches over carpal bones and blends with these muscles?

A

Flexor Retinaculum

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11
Q

What muscle originates on flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis?

A

Palmaris brevis

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12
Q

What muscle interconnects the hypothenar and thenar muscle?

A

Palmaris brevis
(Overlies hypothenar muscles)

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13
Q

Insertion of palmaris brevis?

A

Inserts medially on the dermis of skin

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14
Q

How many lumbricals? Origin and insertion?

A
  1. 4 lumbricals

Origin
Tendon of
flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion
Extensor expansion of medial 4 fingers

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15
Q

Function of lumbricals?

A

Flex the MCP joints
Extends the interphalangeal joints of the fingers

(Except THUMB!!!)

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16
Q

Difference in origin of abductor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Origin:
In the forearm (posterior)
(Shafts of radius and ulna)

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin
In the hand
(Scaphoid,
Trapezium,
Flexor retinaculum)

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17
Q

What are the superficial thenar muscles?

A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis

(Both lie above opponens pollicis)

18
Q

Innervation of lumbricals?

A

Median nerve
Lateral 2 (1st and 2nd)

Ulnar nerve
Medial 2 (3rd and 4th)

19
Q

Innervation of thenar mucles?

A

Median nerve supplies;

  1. Abductor pollicis brevis
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis
  3. Opponens pollicis
20
Q

What muscles of hand are supplied by median nerve?

A

——Meat LOAF——–

Median nerve supplies:
L ateral two lumbricals (1st and 2nd)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

21
Q

Origin and insertion of abductor digiti minimi?

A

origin
Pisiform bone

Insertion
Base of the proximal phalanx of little finger

22
Q

Action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Flexes and abducts the little finger at MCP

23
Q

Origin and insertion of flexor digiti minimi?

A

Origin
Flexor retinaculum

Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of little finger

24
Q

Action of flexor digiti minimi?

A

Flexes the little finger

25
Q

Origin and insertion of opponens digiti minimi?

A

origin
Flexor retinaculum

Insertion
Shaft of the metacarpal bone of little finger

26
Q

Action of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Pulls 5th metacarpal bone forward (as in cupping the palm)

27
Q

Innervation of hypothenar muscles?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

28
Q

Origin and insertion of adductor pollicis?

A

Origin

Oblique head -
2nd & 3rd
Metacarpal bone

Transverse head -
3rd metacarpal bone

Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

29
Q

Insertion of the 3 thenar muscles that originate from flexor retinaculum?

A

1.Abductor pollicis brevis
Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

2.Flexor pollicis brevis
Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

3.Opponens pollicis
Shaft of the metacarpal bone of thumb

30
Q

The muscle of thumb and little finger that does not inserts into base of proximal phalanx of thumb and little finger?

A

Opponens pollicis
Inserts to shaft of metacarpal bone of thumb

Opponens digiti minimi
Inserts to Shaft of metacarpal bone of the little finger

31
Q

The only muscle that inserts in the base of proximal phalanx of thumb but is not innervated by median nerve?

A

Adductor pollicis -
Deep branch of ulnar nerve

32
Q

Origin and insertion of dorsal interossei?

A

There are 4 dorsal interossei

Origin
Contiguous sides of all 5 metacarpal bones

Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of fingers
Extensor expansion

33
Q

Origin and insertion of palmar interossei?

A

origin
1st
2nd
4th
5th metacarpal bones (not 3rd)

Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of fingers
Extensor expansion

34
Q

Action of palmar interossei?
And dorsal interossei?

A

PAD and DAB

Palmar (PAD)

adducts the fingers towards centre of 3rd (middle) finger

Dorsal (DAB)

abduct the fingers away from the middle finger.

35
Q

Innervation of palmaris brevis?

A

Superficial branch of ulnar nerve

36
Q

The only muscle that is innervated by superficial branch of ulnar nerve (not deep)

A

Palmaris brevis

37
Q

Which of the thenar muscles is the largest?

A

Opponens pollicis

38
Q

Which muscle forms the anteriolateral aspect of thenar eminence? Its medial aspect?

A

anterolateral aspect
Abductor pollicis brevis

Medial aspect
Flexor pollicis brevis

39
Q

The difference in innervation of hypthenar and thenar muscles?

A

Hypothenar - ulnar nerve
Thenar - median nerve

40
Q

Action of palmaris brevis?

A

Wrinkles the skin of hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand:
improving grip

41
Q

Which artery passes anteriorly from the space between the two heads of adductor pollicis? And what does it forms?

A

Radial artery -
Forms deep palmar arch

42
Q

Action of lumbricals at interphalangeal joint and MCP joint?

A

IP - extend
MCP - flex

Anatomy Muscles (8 decks)

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