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Anthropology > Han Dynasty > Flashcards

Han Dynasty Flashcards

1
Q

Liu Bang

A

1st emperor of han. Helped workers escape from huang di’s tomb, was near death, rebelled.

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2
Q

Xiang yu

A

Worked with Liu to lead the uprising army against the king

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3
Q

Chang’an

A

Western han, capital, present day Xian

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4
Q

“People of the Han”

A

What chinese call themselves to differentiate between foreigners, steppe ppl, and mongols

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5
Q

Empress Lu

A

Wife of Liu Bang … ruled after he died, lenient towards the peasantry

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6
Q

Buddhism

A

From india to central asia to han china in 1st and 2nd cent.

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7
Q

Siddharta Gautama

A

Prince
Born in nepal 563
He saw old man, sick man, holy , an (sadhu)
49 days under a bodhi tree then became buddha

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8
Q

4 noble truths

A

Life is full of pain and suffering
Suffering comes from desire
To end suffering and sorrow must end desire
Desirelessness can be achieved by following the noble eightfold path

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9
Q

Noble eight fold path

A 
Right views
Intent
Speech
Actions
Professions
Effort
Mindfulness
Concentration
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10
Q

Nirvana

A

Release from suffering of world existence by avoiding the cycle of rebirth and achieve blissful re absorption into the spiritual infinite.

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11
Q

Mahayana

A

“the greater vehicle”

Another form of Buddhism_Buddha is a deity, there are spirits,nirvana heaven and there is hell

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12
Q

“Lesser Vehicle”

A

Theravada_ original uddhism

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13
Q

Bodhissattvas

A

pantheon of loving saints(essence of Buddha hood) ex priest?

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14
Q

3 Kingdoms

A

After the collapse of Han.. period of social upheaval and political unrest(may have helped spread of buddhism)shui, wei wu

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15
Q

six dynasties

A

South, named after ppl who set up capitals in Nanjing:eastern, jin, liu,qi,liang,chen (wasnt rlly unified)

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16
Q

Ten kingdoms (sui)

A

south china_ after collapse of tang_contending generals and warlords fought for supremacy during 50 year period

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17
Q

Sui dynasty

A

yang jian_ reuited couth and reunified(northern wei) china_ harsh leadership and military society caused it to collapse

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18
Q

Commanderies

A

han administration that tang changed_ division into Xian reestablished

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19
Q

Xian (County)

A

Capital of Shaanxi province

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20
Q

Hinayana

A

“smaller vehicle” more conservative

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21
Q

Chan buddhism(zen)

A

form of Buddhism that used daoism. translated in chang an the capital of tang

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22
Q

Tang dynasty

A

Leader: Tang Taizong

tang was ethnic tolerant,

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23
Q

Buddhism under tang

A

Spread into 8 sects, 4 became popular:Tiantai, Huayan,qinttu,chan

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24
Q

Song dynasty(failed to keep mongols from taking control)

A

Northern song , southern song, Taizu leader, “having big dynasty drained finances and caused problems

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25
Q

Taizu (was Zhao Kuangyin)

A

during the period of five dynasties he was a general and won, then he conquered the south

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26
Q

Han Gao Zu

A

emperor of han/ liu bang/ was also a military man coming to power

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27
Q

Xiao Tian Xia

A

conservative Confucian downsizing, focused on deveolping smaller empire

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28
Q

Kaifeng

A

Song capital, admin center,commercial center,close to grand canal, growth in iron and steel= growth in military/ strength

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29
Q

Imperial exam system and percent who passed (song)

A

eunch could have highpower, nor royals, < 10% passed, imperial censors to check on offcal

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30
Q

Wang Anshi

A

chief councilor, leader of a reformist faction, sought to reestablshsong finances by promoting changes in gov, STATE SHOULD PROVIDE socialism

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31
Q

Mongols and collapse of north song

A

jurchen and song were allies , then they treated them like inferiors, jurchen invades north china taking over the capitial

32
Q

southern song

A

fixed their capitial at Hangzhou, jurchen conquered most of it, he was chased north and they regained hangzhou from jurchen

33
Q

Hangzhou

A

International port city, popular diversion- tea houses, resturnats..,variety of employment,south is chinas center for commernce

34
Q

Neo confucianism

A

the spread of buddhism revived the interest in zhou period of confucian classics(five relations)

35
Q

Zhu xi

A

added 2 texts attributed to confucius: doctrine of the mean and Greater learning

36
Q

Weakness of southern song

A

weak military

37
Q

Mongol conquest of china

A

ruled through chinese officals, army in hand of mongols,

38
Q

Khubilai khan(son of chinghis)

A

deveoped china, and aculturally became almost chinese,made beijing capital, founded mongol dynasty, yuan dnyasty

39
Q

Chinghis khan

A

ruler of mongols, captured territory

40
Q

Negative results of yuan rule

A

rule was harsh and discriminatory- chinese couldnt bare arms, ppl kept like slaves, down ward mobility most became por, taxes oppresive, unpaid labor for state projects,

41
Q

Positive results of yuan rule

A

redeveloped postal service_reissued paper money

_rebuilt grand canal

42
Q

Zhu Yuangzhang(Hong Wu)

A

(Grea military power) a rebel leader, set up new governemnt in Nanjing and went to capture beijing

43
Q

Tributary states of China

A

System based on theory that China maintained political & cultural superiority & “lesser” states accepted their supremacy & accepted it as a model for their own lands.
kept states safe from China’s military strength.send missions to imperial capital – paid respect to the emperor/Son of Heaven

44
Q

Zheng He

A

was muslim and eunch, lead the ming maritime expeditions, expeditions were expensive, corruption in ship building contracts occured

45
Q

Ketou

A

Head banging( to show respect to emperor)

46
Q

Economic growth under Ming

A

growth becuz of expeditions_Rare items unknown domestically in China brought back home

47
Q

Currency system under Ming

A

Introduction of silver coins into China from trading overseas drove out paper money system.

48
Q

Porcelain

A

commonly decorated in blue & white patterns – heavily exported to the west.

49
Q

Eight-legged essay” (imperial exams)

A

examination form with eight categories,No more than 700 characters ,written in a prescribed style of
commentary about Confucian & neo-Confucian classics.,( historians think it further inhibited individual thought & innovation)

50
Q

Jinshi

A

Third Level (Capital City) Examination. was a title if u passed,& opportunity to interview with the emperor as a final test. Worthy candidates were appointed an official post by the emperor

51
Q

Forbidden City

A

lay within Imperial City _contained palace - surrounded by moat - length of 2 miles -closed to all but those on official business

52
Q

Water Margins (novel)

A

tells a Robin Hood tale of bandits who steal for good of common people

53
Q

Golden Lotus(novel)

A

a sometimes pornographic satire of the romantic and sexual escapades of a druggist

54
Q

Ming response to pirates

A

(Japanese ans korean)demonstrated China’s inability to keep order and protect its people _

55
Q

Nurhaci

A

mportant Manchu chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th _founded the administration that later ruled China as the Ch’ing dynasty

56
Q

Sinicized

A

becoming chinese

57
Q

Kangxi’s policies & achievements

A

supported the arts and education, public/private school system

58
Q

Population growth under Qing

A

improvements in agricu;ture, irrigation, flood preventation, foreign trade, merchant guilds

59
Q

Qianlong policies & achievements

A

destruction of 23,00 books, kept control of the mongols

60
Q

Chinese gender relations

A

eldest son- look after family (protector)_young daughter(arranged marriage- only if she had son was accepted) # following- father husband and son..women loyal to this rule

61
Q

Footbinding

A

beauty standard, tie feet

62
Q

He Shen

A

Appointed grand counselor, he extorded 1.5 billion dollars

63
Q

MacCartney

A

British nobleman sent to request wider tading right and to deal with china as a n equal nation./ Mission was a fail becuz both countries had im better than u view.he refused to headbang

64
Q

Traingular trade

A

Golden triangle (opium trade) British india, turkey, iran

65
Q

Co hong

A

guild of Chinese merchants or hongs who operated the import-export monopoly in Canton

66
Q

Lin Zexu

A

imperial commissioner, sent to guangzhou to stop illegal traffic of opium

67
Q

Traeaty of Nanjing

A

1842 grant what the british wanted, tto sell and trade freely

68
Q

Unequal treaties

A

A long series, the british called, of treaties

69
Q

Treaty of Bogue

A

he treaty is best known for its granting extraterritoriality and most favored nation status to Britain.The treaty laid down detailed regulations for Sino-British trade and specified terms under which Britons could reside in the newly opened ports of Shanghai, Ningbo, Xiamen, Fuzhou and Guangzhou. While Britons were allowed to buy property in the treaty ports and reside there with their families, they were not allowed to travel to the interior of China or trade there.

70
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

Hang Xiuquan(claimed he was the 2nd son of god ) army was called ever victuiors army, took over 9 provinces

71
Q

Second Opium War

A

the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China,[1] was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856 to 1860. It was fought over similar issues as the First Opium War.

72
Q

Yuanmingyuan

A

beijing old summer palace, during the reign of the Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty ,plundered by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860, at the same time as the Garden was burnt down. a lot of locals took pieces .. r now trying to rebuild it

73
Q

Boxer Rebellion(martial arts is what it really is)

A

was a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement which took place in China towards the end of the Qing dynasty between 1898 and 1900

74
Q

Empress Cixi

A

of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic woman who unofficially but effectively controlled the Manchu Qing dynasty in China for 47 years,

75
Q

Nanjing

A

south, capital city of ming

76
Q

Beijing

A

north china, ming and qing dynasties, forbidden city,

Anthropology (3 decks)

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