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Anthropology > Economics > Flashcards

Economics Flashcards

1
Q

What does the discipline of ecology study?

A

Environments and organisms; How humans make a living.(Tools, techniques to live and eat being in a range of climates)

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2
Q

What term refer to “Beneficial Adjustment?”

A

Adaptation(coping with and environment; pattern of behaviors)

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3
Q

Biological Adaptation

A

Accidental/Just happens;(HIV)

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4
Q

Cultural Adaptation

A

On Purpose (A building)

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5
Q

What is different about ecological studies of humans?

A

Cultural Evolution ?

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6
Q

What does Patterns of Subsistence mean?

A

The way a culture gets food for their people( Hunting-Gathering, horticulture, agriculture)

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7
Q

Food foraging

A

Rely on Plants, water, game and wild foodstuffs (ex. rabbits). They do not rely on animals

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8
Q

Food Producers

A

Rely on animals and move herbs over large areas of land.

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9
Q

Horticulture

A

Gardening / Hand tools/ Many crops

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10
Q

Pastoralism

A

Producers (Moe animals a great distance as supplies run out)

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11
Q

Agriculture

A

Large Tools/ Farms/ 1 or 2 main crops

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12
Q

What is Swidden?

A

Slash and Burn technique (hand tools cut vegetation; burn vegetation, ash is fertilizer) Use fields for short periods then use again after several years

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13
Q

When did cultures begin to switch to agriculture?

A

10,000 years ago (SW Asia) (Allowed surplus)

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14
Q

Market Exchange

A

(eBay) Transfer of goods or services based on a price set by supply and demand

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15
Q

Redistribution

A

(Taxes) (chief to village) Give stuff to a central authority then it is distributed by the central to others

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16
Q

Reciprocity

A

Small, face to face, person to person trade

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17
Q

Reciprocity: Generalized

A

No records (all personal matters) No immediate return

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18
Q

Reciprocity: Balanced

A

(Lending) repayment for gift same value or equal to it (Social distance; not as close)

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19
Q

Reciprocity: Negative

A

(Takers; don’t pay back) Getting something for nothing (Social distance; not close)

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20
Q

What does economy organize?

A

Production, Consumption, Distribution

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21
Q

Are peasants a part of the global capitalist system? Why?

A

Yes, (Production for exchange) They produce crops to be sold for cash rather than use for their own use

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22
Q

Production

A

(labor) the way the production of material goods are carried out ; tools knowledge, skills

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23
Q

Distribution

A

How the goods get to places or someone

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24
Q

Consumption

A

When goods or services produced are distributed to those who use them up, or consume them.

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25
Q

Socialism

A

Karl Marx; Collective ownership (1 place); Group(nothing their own);Central control gov (tax, hands on)

26
Q

Capitalism

A

Adam Smith; Private ownership(property); Individual; Free market(competition); Laiissez Faire gov (hands off)

27
Q

Whatis Tared’s main argument in Easters End?

A

Small example of what could happen to the world

28
Q

What is the function of politics as a social institution ?

A

It helps to select a leader who can make decisions. Maintains social order and outsiders.
Distributes Power

29
Q

Political Organizations: Bands (Headman)

A

(Food Forager) Small Groups , Socially Equal (Leads by example not power)

30
Q

Political Organizations: Tribes (Bigman)

A

(Food Producers) 5,000 ppl, small villages, gives food back (leader gets power because he gives more)

31
Q

Political Organizations: chiefdoms (Chief)

A

leader is within hierarchy; inherit

32
Q

States / Nation

A

Country/Ethnicity

33
Q

What is a Nation? How does it differ from state?

A

A group people with a common culture of some sort. A state is a country.

34
Q

What types of leaders does Marvin identify in Life without Chiefs?

A

Band and Tribes

35
Q

What does lee Cronk tell us about the Kula Ring in “Reciprocity and the Power of giving?”

A

The Cooler Ring was a ring of islands of New Ghana. shell necklaces and armbands were passed around the tribe. The importance over the necklace depends on who had it. only the Kula could wear it.

36
Q

What is a Bureaucracy?

A

Organizational model designed to perform tasks effectively. Tasks for many different people

37
Q

What were the 6 theritical components of bureaucracy?

A

Specilization, hierarchy, public office,rules of regulations,technical competence, impersonality

38
Q

What did Antonio Gramsci call the indirect power that he identified

A

Hegemany “power becomes knowledge. Those who lack power take the ideas of the dominant group and make it their own without them knowing. (Ruling class world view=only view )

39
Q

Specilization

A

Different parts, special job like in a factory

40
Q

Hierarchy

A

Leaders/Boss

41
Q

Oligarchy

A

The rule over many by few

42
Q

Public office

A

Places for operation of buisness(classroom)

43
Q

Rules of regulation

A

How to act

44
Q

Technical competence

A

Training

45
Q

Impersonality

A

Becoming someone else? What u know not what you dont know

46
Q

Horizontal Mobility

A

Doing something within the class( moms a doc ur a doc)

47
Q

Role strain

A

Multiple status; balamcing

48
Q

Role conflict

A

Same people status changes~role changes

49
Q

Difference between status and role?

A

Status is a position you occupy. Role is a behavior expected of a social status

50
Q

Status:Ascribed

A

Born into it( birth , mother)

51
Q

Status:Achieved

A

Assumed after or unless you meet criteria(college student)

52
Q

Master status

A

Has the most influence over us ( can be negative ) Hiv

53
Q

Social group: primary

A

Small , enduring, personal relationships( family)

54
Q

Social group: secondary

A

Large, weak , emotional ties pursuing common goals ( students)

55
Q

What do we call a system of social ranking?

A

Social stratification ( not easy to know when it starts or ends) leads to unequal wealth, power, privilege

56
Q

Egalitarian

A

No social stratification

57
Q

Class

A

System of stratfication that is ascribed but allows for social mobility-up , down, sideways

58
Q

Meritocracy

A

Social status that is completely achieved (degree)

59
Q

What are the 2 sides in the debate on the cause of poverty?

A

They cause their own problems. Capitalism (individuality)

60
Q

What did karl say abouy the origin of class distinctions?

A

There is poverty becuase of competition. Capitalism brings poor people with it because of competition

Anthropology (3 decks)

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