anthro 3 test Flashcards
Marriage Practice: With group
Endogamy ex. Both are jewish
Marriage Practice: Outside the group
Exogamy
Marriage Practice: single spouses
Monogamy/ serial monogamy - more than 1 but through divorxe
Marriage: Polygyny
1 man many wives ( sign of wealth)
Marriage: Polyandry
1 Woman many men ( sharing land )
Marriaye exchange: Bride service
Groom works for brides family (dad gets to know the guy)
Marriage exchange: Bride wealth/groom
An exchange from the groom or grooms family to the brides (compensation)/ opposite sides marry becuz not wealthy
Marriage exchange: Dowry
Wealth given to bride from her family
Descent
Common ancestry ( blood marriage adoption)
Tracing descent (3 ways): Bilateral
Empahsis on both sides of the family (father and son very important)
Descent: lineage
Knows all ancestors back to first ancestor and can recite these ancestor’s
Descent: Clan
Claim to be descended from the same ancestor but cannot recite the ancestors ( ex. family names)
Kinship diagram
Triangles( male) Circle (female) circles….. = (means married to)…. | (means descended from) [ (means sibling)
Tracing descent (3 ways ): Unlineal
Emphasizes ties to one side of the family
Tracing descent (3 ways): Patrilineal ( also unilineal)
Ties to father( not related to children’s spouse family; but is related to spouse)
Unlineal descent: Matrilineal
Ties to mother ( her brother takes care of children)
Difference between sex and gender
Sex is a biological distinction and Gender is a social distinction
How do males and females differ biologically?
Xx and xy chromosome
Is sexual behavior universal?
Yes, its a biological drive in all humans (physical actof production).
Sexual taboo?
Forbidden to have sex withfamily members and sex in nuclear family is taboo
How many genders are there ?
Two(male and female) in the u.s., others have gender crossing - when one adopt roles of opposite sex.
When did the 1st and 2nd wave of feminism begin?
1840s - 1st rights with citizenship (voting)
1960’s and 70’s - view of gender
Beliefe that males are biologically superior to females?
Sexism
What is it called when males socially dominate females?
Patriarchy
How are the ideas of gender institutionalized?
Female is associated with marriage and family because of natural ability to birth snd lactate, gender as in referring to cultural roles assigned to male /Female. Toys ?
Whst is the taxonomic binomiwk name for humans
Homo sapiens
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
Is race a biologically useful category among humans?
No Racial labels Are used to refer to culture rather than Physical differences between the group
Can we divide humans into discrete racial groups?
No. This highlights the way That people can downplay Any wide range of physical and cultural attributes, Either to make an identity for themselves or To assign an identity to others
How is the idea of race perpetuated in the u.s.?
Race categories in the census Based on color and geography and language( white black hispanic native asian other
Racism
Prejudice on the basis of race. Belief that 1 perceived group is biologically superior to another perceived group
Prejudice
Generalizations about groups.
Discrimination
Policies and practices that harm a group and its members
Segregation
Action/state of setting some1 or something apart from other people or things/ being set apart
Ethnicity
A social category based on a common cultural heritage
Genocide
The physical extermination of an entire people on the basis of race
What do we call rwligious grouos that advocate strict literal interpretation s of sacred texts?
Fundamentalist
Two types of religious specialists ?
Priest(full time, indirect communication ) and shaman ( part time, direct communication with spirits)
Key details of prophet mohammeds life?
Gabriel talked to him, after he went out on an journey to correct jews and christans. He fled Meccah in 622ce from there he went to medina. Peacefully surrender?
Five pillars
Charity Pilgrimage(hajj) Prayer Faith Fasting( -ramadan)
Origin of shi ites?
Ali (muhammad cousin)
Origin of sunni?
Counsil/ elders
Who is Allah
God same god as Christian.
Muslim and Islam
Muslim is people
Islam is religion
What does Quran mean?
Recitation ( resiting ) sacred text
What does Hijra mean?
Pilgrimage or migration from meccah to medina
What does buddhism call the path to spiritual enlightenment?
8 fold path
What are the 4 noble truths to existence?
Life is suffering, suffering from desire,rid suffering when rid of desire, to end both follow the 8 fold path
What is Tao?
The way (essence)
Main emphasis of Confucianism?
Virtue(Te)
Syncretism
the reconciliation or fusion of differing systems of belief.(roman catholic mission) examples idk
Difference between globalization an transnationalism?
transnationalism is the term of choice when referring, for example, to the migration of nationals across the borders of one or more nations.4In many instances transnationalism becomes an agent of globalization. Globalization is the accelerating interdependence of nations in a world system linked economically and through mass media and modern transportation systems.1Often synonymous with Transnationalism: extending or going beyond national boundaries2, globalization involves the diffusion or exchange of custom, media, technology, finance, and ideas through specific points of departure and arrival and works to promote change and development in our world in which nations and people have become increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent.
