Halogenoalkanes Flashcards
Nucleophiles and electrophiles:
1
Nucleophiles are attracted to
2
Electrophiles are attracted to
Nucleophiles and electrophiles:
1
Nucleophiles are attracted to positive charges
2
Electrophiles are attracted to negative charges
OH−, NH3 and CN− are all examples of what?
Nucleophiles
What is the most reactive halogenoalkane out of the following?
Ch3I
Reaction between halogenoalkane and a hydroxide ion
Substitution
Elimination
Reaction between halogenoalkane and a hydroxide ion
Substitution
Alcohol
Elimination
Alkene
Reflux involves
Reflux involves using a reflux condenser to condense the gases back into the reaction flask.
To promote elimination, we can:
To promote elimination, we can:
1
Use an ethanol solvent instead of water
2
Heat the reaction under reflux conditions
In the elimination mechanism, the hydroxide is behaving
In the elimination mechanism, the hydroxide is behaving more like a base than a nucleophile - it is able to act as both.
Alkenes are nucleophiles because
Alkenes are nucleophiles because of their high electron density in the double bond.
What must be reacted together to give dibromopropane?
What must be reacted together to give dibromopropane?
1
Propene
2
Bromine water
If an alkene is present,
If an alkene is present, it will turn bromine water from orange → colourless.
Why do alkyl groups stabilise a carbocation?
They push electrons onto the carbon
The reaction between an alkene and sulfuric acid produces
The reaction between an alkene and sulfuric acid produces an alcohol.
State the meaning of the term structural isomers
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural / displayed / skeletal formula
