Halogenoalkanes

Question 1

Nucleophilic substitution with alcohol

Answer 1

:OH- attacks carbon. Lone pair returns to X.

Question 2

Substitution with Amines

Answer 2

:NH³ attacks carbon connected to X. Lone pair returns to X. H of NH³ leaves as NH³ becomes +. H forms NH⁴+

Question 3

Elimination conditions

Answer 3

Warm and alcoholic with :OH- nucleophile

Question 4

Elimination

Answer 4

OH attacks hydrogen. Hydrogen gives lone pair to carbon. X next to carbon takes Lone pair and leaves. Double bond forms.

Question 5

Ozone depletion reactions

Answer 5

O³ + Cl• -> ClO• + O²
ClO• + O³ -> 2O² + Cl•
Overall: 2O³ -> 3O²