Carboxylic Acids And Esters

Question 1

Carboxylic reaction with carbonates

Answer 1

Carboxylate salt (contains ionic bond), water and CO².

Question 2

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols conditions

Answer 2

Esterification carried out under reflux in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.

Question 3

Esters properties

Answer 3

Sweet smelling compounds. Low booking piunrs and make good solvents for other polar molecules.

Question 4

Acidic hydrolysis of esters conditions

Answer 4

Acid catalyst and water. Simple reverse reaction back to alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Question 5

Alkaline hydrolysis of esters

Answer 5

Carboxylic acid produced reacts further with the base to form a salt. Salts such as this are commonly used as soaps because they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Question 6

Acid anhydrides formation

Answer 6

Water removed from two carboxylic acids (condensation)

Question 7

Acyl chloride properties.

Answer 7

React violently due to the very polar -COCl group.

Question 8

Reaction of carboxylic derivatives

Answer 8

Nucleophilic addition-elimination. Additionally of nucleophile leads to elimination of another product under aqueous conditions.

Question 9

What do acyl chlorides and water form

Answer 9

Carboxylic acids

Question 10

What do acyl chlorides and alcohols form

Answer 10

Esters

Question 11

What do acyl chloride and ammonia form

Answer 11

Amides

Question 12

What do acyl chlorides and Amines form

Answer 12

N-Substituted amides

Question 13

Aspirin formation

Answer 13

Esters produced from salicylic acid and ethanol anhydride. Ethanol chloride can also be used to produce aspirin however it is expensive and produces harmful HCl fumes as part of the reaction.