Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 1

Characteristics, use

Answer 1

• Extremetly lipid soluble
• More toxic than the non-halogenated hydrocarbons
• Frequently used as solvents and in cooling systems

Question 2

Which are the characteristic effects of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

• CNS depression
• Kidney and liver impairement
  
  • Formation of free radicals
• Cardiotoxicity

Question 3

Which are the different types?

Answer 3

• Monohalogenated methanes
  
  • Methyl bromide
  • Methyl chloride
  • Methyl iodide
• CCl₄
• Teflon

Question 4

Symptoms of monohalogenated methanes intoxication?

Answer 4

• Moderate narcosis
• Severe CNS effects
  
  • Visual disturbances
  • Decrease of body temperature
  • Seizure
  • Coma
• Lung edema (when inhaled)
• I-III degree frostbite on the skin (very fast evaporation)

Question 5

Therapy of monohalogenated methanes intoxication?

Answer 5

• Alkali therapy in case of acidosis
• Symptomatic treatment

Question 6

Chronic exposition of small quantities of monohalogenated methane effects?

Answer 6

Neurological and psychiatric symptoms

Question 7

Characteristics of toxicity of CCl₄?

Answer 7

Hepatotoxicity depends on the quantity of active radicals during dehalogenation, thus it is more toxic than monohalogenated methanes

Question 8

Symptoms and treatment of CCl₄ intoxication?

Answer 8

Symptoms:

• Starting effects:
  
  • Irritation of mucosa
  • CNS depression
  • Ventricular fibrillation (sudden death)
• Delayed effects (1-2 days later):
  
  • Hepatorenal syndrome
    
    • Toxic hepatitis
    • Acute tubular necrosis (kidney)

Treatment:

Symptomatic treatment

Question 9

Source and lethal dose of CCl₄?

Answer 9

Used in industry

Lethal dose: 20-30ml

Question 10

Teflon:

Characteristics

Symptoms

Answer 10

Not toxic, but has toxic vapors containing fluor when the temperature increases ==> flue-like symptoms, fever, lung edema