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CHEMISTRY > HALOALKANES/ALKENES > Flashcards

HALOALKANES/ALKENES Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a free radical

A

Species which has a single unpaired electron

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2
Q

Why do we need UV light in free radical substitution

A

UV light provides energy needed to break Cl-Cl bond

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3
Q

What does • mean in free radical substitution

A

• represents single unpaired electrons

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4
Q

What type if process is
Cl2 ——> 2Cl •

A

Homolytic fission

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5
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

Splitting mo,ecules using water

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6
Q

Define nucleophile

A

Donate lone pair if electrons

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7
Q

Define substitution

A

H atom is replaced by another atom

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8
Q

Define nuckeophilic substitution

A

Replacement of halogen by nucleophile

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9
Q

What is caused by ozone depletion

A

Skin cancer
Plant leaf damage

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10
Q

Ozone depletion equations

A

O2 ———-> 2O •
O2 + O (equalibrium sign) O3

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11
Q

Why do we use CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) (3 marks)

A

Non-toxic
Volatile
Inert gases

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12
Q

Explain How chlorine atoms catalyse decomposition if ozone with equations

A

Initiation
CFCl3 ——-> Cl• + •CFCl2
Propagation
Cl• +O3 ——> ClO• + O2
ClO• + O3 ———-> Cl• + 2O2
Termination
Cl• + Cl• ——> Cl2
Overall reaction
2O3 ——-> 3O2

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13
Q

Strength between Carbon-halogen
Give 2 examples

A

Stronger bonds are harder to break
C-I weakest bond , less energy required
C-Cl strongest bond , more energy required

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14
Q

What is positive inductive effect

A

Ability of an alkyl group to release electron density through double bond

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15
Q

Formation of the major products

A

Major product is formed via more stable carboncation
Due to positive inductive effect

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16
Q

Physical properties of alkenes

A

No polar bonds
Insoluble in water
Van der walls intermolecular forces

17
Q

Define addition polymers

A

Long chain formed from many monomers & no other product formed

18
Q

Test for alkenes

A

Bromine water
If alkene present forms colourless solution

19
Q

Digine unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Contains c=c bonds

20
Q

Difine electrophile

A

Electron pair acceptor

21
Q

Define steroisomerims

A

Same structural formula but different arrangement if atoms in space

22
Q

How does alkene form E/Z isomers

A

Due to restriction around c=c bond and 2 different groups attached to each C of the C=C

23
Q

Bonding in alkenes

A

Overlap of pi bonds Electrons are electron rich so are suspectible to attack from positive species

24
Q

Uses of poly(chloroethane)

A

Water pipes
Aprons
Vinvyl records

25
Q

Properties of PVC modified using plasticers

A

Plasticisers are small molecules which can fit in the gaps between polymers chakns, allowing them to slide past each other MAKES IT MORE FLEXIBLE

CHEMISTRY (23 decks)

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