DNA/AMINES/POLYMERS/AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 fuctionsl groups of amino acids

A

NH2 and COOH

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2
Q

Are amino acids chiral? Why?

A

Yes
1 carbon has 4 different groups

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3
Q

Synthesis of amino acids

A

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

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4
Q

Define addition polymer

A

Long chain formed from msny monomers and no other product is formed

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5
Q

Condensation polymer

A

2 molecule joined to form a larger one with a small molecule as H2O and HCl being released

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6
Q

Uses of terylene

A

Carpet
Clothing

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7
Q

How to make polyesters

A

Dicarboxylic acid + diold
Diols + dicyl chloride

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8
Q

How to make polyamides

A

Diamine + diclyl chloride
Dicarboxylic acid+ diamines

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9
Q

Uses of nylon

A

Used as fibres in clothing

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10
Q

Uses of kevlar

A

Used in manufucturing body armour & carsh helmets

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11
Q

Are addition polymers biodegradable? Why?

A

Not biodegradable
Have non-polar C-C bonds can’t be hydrolysed

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12
Q

Are condensation polymer biodegradable? Why?

A

Yes
Can be hydrolysed under basic or acidic condition as delta +ve on C of polar bond C-O can be attacked by nucleophile

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13
Q

Why does zwitterions formed

A

[H+]=[OH-]

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14
Q

How are tertiary structure held

A

Held by
hydrogen bond
Ionic bonds
Disulfide bonds (s-s)

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15
Q

Why is secondary structure formed

A

Electron deficient H attracts lone pair on Oxygen

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16
Q

Uses of aromatic amines

A

Used to make dyes , drugs , nylon

17
Q

Uses of wuaternary ammonium

A

Hair conditioner

18
Q

Nucleophilic susbtitutin

A

Excess NH3
problems: further substitution

19
Q

Reduction

A

STEP 1
KCN
AQUEOUS AND EHANOLIC
STEP 2
H2/Ni catalyst
Problems: KCN TOXIC
2 STEPS PROCESS

20
Q

Difference in base strength

A

Weaker base
Lone pair on N delocalise into pi bond of phenyl group less available to accept proton

Stronger base
Due to positive inductive effect.
Ethyl group releases electron density onto N
Makes lone pair on N more availabel to accept proton

21
Q

Enzymes

A

Enzymes are proteins with active site that can act as catalyst
Enzymes are stereospecific actuve site that binds to a susbtrate molecule

22
Q

Hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine

A

2

23
Q

Hydrogen bond between guanine and cytosine

A

3 hydrogen bonds

24
Q

How do drugs act

A

Enzyme inhibitor , block active site
Computers used to design drugs

25
Q

Cisolatin formula

A

[ptCl2(NH3)2]

26
Q

How does cisolatin work

A

Bind to DNA jn canserous cells and prevents DNA from unwidning

27
Q

Expalin how drugs can have adverse effects

A

Can bind to healty cells causing unwanted side effects