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Organic chem > Haloalkanes > Flashcards

Haloalkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a haloalkane?

A

An alkane with a halogen attached

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2
Q

How to make a haloalkane with an alkane?

A

Free radical substitution

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3
Q

How to make a haloalkane with an alkene?

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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4
Q

How to make a haloalkane with an alcohol?

A

Electrophilic addition

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5
Q

What is the general formula for a haloalkane?

A

CnH2n+1X

X is a halogen

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6
Q

Which haloalkane is the most reactive when considering only bond enthalpy?

A

Iodine is the most, then bromine then chlorine

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7
Q

Which haloalkane is the most reactive when considering only polarity?

A

Chlorine is the most, then bromine then iodine

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8
Q

What happens when a chloroalkane alkane mixes with ethanol and AgNO3?

A

A white precipitate

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9
Q

What happens when a bromoalkane alkane mixes with ethanol and AgNO3?

A

A cream precipitate

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10
Q

What happens when a iodoalkane alkane mixes with ethanol and AgNO3?

A

A yellow precipitate

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11
Q

What does CFC stand for?

A

Chlorofluorocarbons

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12
Q

What were CFC’s used for?

A

Fridges
Cleaning equipment
Aerosol
Fire extinguishers

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13
Q

Why were CFC’s used?

A

It has high bond energies in the C-Cl and C-F

It is very unreactive gas

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14
Q

What is an example of CFC’s?

A

CF2Cl2CF2Cl2

CF2Cl2

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15
Q

What happens to CFC’s in the ozone?

A

The CFC goes through homolytic fission from the UV light to make a chlorine radical - initiation
The chlorine radical can react with the ozone to make oxygen and a ClO radical
The ClO can react with ozone to make oxygen and a chlorine radical

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16
Q

What is the reaction equations with CFC’s in the ozone?

A

Initiation:
UV .
CF2Cl2 —> CClF2 + Cl

Propagation:
 .                    .
Cl + O3 —> ClO + O2
  .                      .
ClO + O3 —> Cl + 2O2
17
Q

What are the negative affects of CFC’s?

A 
They cause:
Increased risk of sunburn
Increased risk of cataracts
Increased risk of cancer
Accelerated skin ageing
18
Q

What agreement caused the CFC’s to be banned?

A

The Montreal Protocol

19
Q

What are the changes that the Montreal Protocol made?

A

CHC’s were banned
Aerosols now use butane
Old fridges must be recycled ins special way

20
Q

Where are CHC’s still used?

A

Low income use them because of their cheapness and many uses

Organic chem (6 decks)

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