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Organic chem > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alcohols functional group?

A

-OH

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2
Q

What does the suffix -diol mean?

A

Has 2 -OH groups

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3
Q

What does the suffix -triol mean?

A

Has 3 -OH groups

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4
Q

What does the suffix -tetriol mean?

A

Has 4 -OH groups

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5
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

1 group attached / 2 hydrogens attached to the carbon

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6
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

2 group attached / 1 hydrogens attached to the carbon

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7
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

3 group attached / 0 hydrogens attached to the carbon

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8
Q

Is alcohol soluble?

A

Yes, because it has an -OH which can become polar and make H bonds with the water so can be dissolved in water

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9
Q

What happens to alcohol solubility as the chain length increases?

A

The solubility decreases because more of the chain is will make London forces with another alcohol, so it is less likely to bond with the water

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10
Q

What happens to alcohols boiling point as the alcohol chain length increases?

A

As the chain increases the boiling point increases because there are more points of contact for the London forces, so there are more bonds that need to be broken, so more energy is needed so more heat

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11
Q

Do alcohols or alkanes have higher boiling points?

A

Alcohols have higher boiling points because it can form H bonds with itself, whereas alkanes can only make London forces, which are weaker

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12
Q

What is made when a primary alcohol is oxidised and distilled?

A

It forms an aldehyde

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13
Q

What is made when a primary alcohol is oxidised and heated under reflux?

A

It forms a carboxylic acid

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14
Q

What is made when a secondary alcohol is oxidised and heated under reflux?

A

It forms a ketone

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15
Q

What is the oxidising agent for alcohol?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate/ K2Cr2O7

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16
Q

What happens to the K2Cr2O7 when it reacts with the primary/secondary alcohol?

A

Cr3+ ions are made

17
Q

What colour change happens when the alcohol and K2Cr2O7 react?

A

Orange to green

18
Q

Give the displayed equation for a primary alcohol to make an aldehyde

A

H O
| //
R - C - O.- H + [O] –> R - C + H2O
| \
H H

19
Q

Give the displayed equation for a primary alcohol to make carboxylic acid

A 
O                         O
        //                         //
 R - C    + [O] -->  R - C
        \                             \
         H                             O - H
20
Q

Give the displayed equation for a secondary alcohol to make an aldehyde?

A 
O - H                          O
       |                            ||
R - C - R +  [O] -->  R - C - R + H2O
       |                             |
      H                           H
21
Q

What does [O] represent?

A

K2Cr2O7

22
Q

What does [O] represent?

A

K2Cr2O7

23
Q

What happens when an aldehyde is made under reflux??

A

It is condensed by the condensation tube so it can react again to make a carboxylic acid

24
Q

What are the steps for distillation?

A

1 - Heat the alcohol and acidified K2Cr2O7 in a round bottom flask, with a condensation tube attached to the side of it and a thermometer at the top
2 - At the end of condensation tube add a beaker for the product

25
Q

What are the steps for heating under reflux?

A

1 - Heat the alcohol and acidified K2Cr2O7 in a round bottom flask, with a condensation tube attached to the neck of the flask

26
Q

What happens when an alcohol is combusted?

A

It makes carbon dioxide and water

27
Q

What happens to the flames when an alcohol is combusted?

A

It goes a pale purple

28
Q

What happens when an alcohol and hydrochloric acid mix?

A

They make a haloalkane and water

29
Q

What is the mechanism for nucleophilic substitution?

A

The Cl- ion is attracted to and bonds with the positive carbon dipole and would transfer its lone pair and the carbon will give the oxygen an electron it makes a chloroalkane and a hydroxide ion

30
Q

How do you make a bromoalkane with an alcohol?

A

Adding the alcohol to Na/Br and sulphuric acid

31
Q

What is another name for an elimination reaction?

A

A dehydration reaction

32
Q

What happens to an alcohol in an elimination reaction?

A

It makes an alkene and water

33
Q

What conditions does an elimination reaction need?

A

Sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid

Heat

34
Q

What happens in an elimination reaction to the alcohol?

A

The OH group and a hydrogen next to it go off and make water and an alkene

35
Q

What is the equation for esterification?

A

Alcohol + carboxylic acid —> water and ester

36
Q

Which is the easiest type of alcohol to dehydrate?

A

Tertiary alcohol is the easiest to break

Primary alcohol is the hardest to break

37
Q

What are anti bumping granules used for?

A

To stop large bubbles from forming

Organic chem (6 decks)

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