Haloalkanes

Question 1

What is a nucleophile

Answer 1

an electron pair donor ( with lone pair )

Question 2

What causes reactivity in haloalkanes

Answer 2

polarity of C-X bond

Electronegativity of the halogens causes partial charges

Question 3

What are carbons attracted too

Answer 3

nucleophiles

Question 4

what mechanism occurs in a haloalkane that reacts with a species with a lone pair

Answer 4

nucleophilic substitution

Question 5

What type of haloalkane reacts faster with a nucleophile

Answer 5

tertiary

Question 6

Why does a C-I bond react faster with nucleophiles than other halogens

Answer 6

lower electronegativity

Question 7

what is an organohalogen

Answer 7

molecules that contain at least 1 carbon-halogen bond

Question 8

What are organohalogens used for

Answer 8

solvents, refrigerants, pesticides

Question 9

Can you find organohalogens in nature

Answer 9

no

Question 10

How much of the ozone layer is made of ozone

Answer 10

tiny fraction

Question 11

what is the role of ozone in the ozone layer

Answer 11

to prevent UV light reaching the earth’s surface

Question 12

What can UV light cause

Answer 12

sun burns, genetic disease, small risk of cancer

Question 13

How can Oxygen form ozone

Answer 13

O2 —–> 2O (With UV light)

O2 + 0 O3 (reversible reaction)

Question 14

What are CFCs

Answer 14

They are made of carbon, fluorine and chlorine where they have highly strong C-X bonds that are very stable

Question 15

What effect do CFCs have on the earths atmosphere

Answer 15

breaks down into chlorine radicals which can affect ozone production

Question 16

How do CFCs break into chlorine radicals

Answer 16

UV light breaks the bonds

Question 17

What is the initiation step of the break down of ozone from CFCs

Answer 17

CF2Cl2 —-> CF2Cl* + Cl* (UV Light breaks this bond)

Question 18

What are the propagation steps of the break down of ozone from CFCs

Answer 18

Cl* + O3 —-> ClO* + O2

ClO* + O —-> Cl* + O2

Question 19

How do termination steps occur

Answer 19

when 2 radicals collide causing the whole cycle of propagation steps to end

Question 20

What happens if NO* forms and reacts with ozone

Answer 20

lightning strikes can occur

Question 21

What are the propagation steps of NO* breaking down ozone

Answer 21

NO* + O3 —–> NO2* + 02

NO2* + 0 —> NO* + 02

Question 22

Name 3 nucleophiles

Answer 22

:OH- ions

H2O: molecules

:NH3 molecules