Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a Hydrocarbon
A molecule made of only Hydrogen and carbon atoms
What is a saturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon that only contains single bonds between atoms
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon that has a double bond or triple bond or more than 1 of these in the hydrocarbon chain
What is a homologous series
A group of organic molecules with similar molecular structures ( They have the same functional group )
What is a functional group
The molecular part of the molecule that is responsible for the molecules chemical properties
What is an alcohols functional group
-OH
What is an Alkanes functional group
C-C
What is an Alkenes functional group
C=C
What is a haloalkanes functional group
C-(Halogen)
What is an amines functional group
-NH2
What is a carboxylic acids functional group
-COOH
What is an aliphatic compound
When carbon atoms are chained and can be branched or unbranched
What is an alicyclic compound
When carbon atoms are found in rings and can possibly be branched or unbranched
What is an aromatic compound
When carbon some or all atoms are found in benzenes rings
What is the stem for a alicyclic compound
Cyclo-
What is an aldehydes functional group
-CHO
What is a ketones functional group
-C(CO)C-
What is the functional group of a acyl chloride
-COCl
What is the functional group of an Ester
-COOC-
What is a displayed formula
Shows the position of atoms in a molecule
What is structural formula
Gives minimal detail as to the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
eg. Ethane - C2H6
What is skeletal formula
Simplified organic formula shown with lines
What is structural isomerism
Isomers with the same molecular formula but different displayed formula
Name 2 bond fissions
Homolytic + Heterolytic
What is Homolytic fission
When a covalent bond is broken and electrons are evenly split between where 1 electron is given to each atom
What is Heterolytic fission
This is when 1 of the atoms takes both electrons making the atom taking the electrons negatively charged and the other positively charged
3 Types of reactions
Addition, Substitution, Elimination
What is an addition reaction
When 2 reactants form 1 product
A molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule to break that bond
What is a substitution reaction
When an atom/group replaces another atom/group on a molecule
What is an Elimination reaction
When 1 reactant forms 2 products
What is an alkyne
a hydrocarbon with a triple bond that forms between 2 of the carbon atoms
What is the functional group of a nitrile
-CN
What 2 isomers can be formed with C3H6O
Propanal and propanone
What clear difference is there between linalool and geraniol
they both smell different
What is linalool
an unsaturated alcohol that smells like lavenders
What is geraniol
an unsaturated alcohol that smells like roses
What re linalool and geraniol used in
perfume
what is a reaction mechanism
shows what happens in a reaction between the reactants to see how the product is formed
What type of arrows are used in Homolytic fission
fish-hook arrows
