Haloalkanes

Question 1

explain the hydrolysation of haloalkanes

Answer 1

nucleophilic substitution reaction with water. halogen atom is removed and replaced by hydroxyl group producing alcohol, hydrogen ion and halogen ion.

Question 2

explain how silver nitrate solution can be used to test the reactivities of the halogenalkanes

Answer 2

add silver nitrate solution to mixture of haloalkanes and water. haloalkane hydrolyses and halide ion reacts with silver ion to produce silver halide. record time taken for procipitate to form and compare to other haloalkanes

Question 3

how does reactivity of haloalkanes change when halgoen atom is in different prositions (primary, Secondary and tertiary.)

Answer 3

tertiary most reactive and primary least reactive. repulsion from alkyl groups makes it easier to remove halogen atom

Question 4

how does reactivity of haloalkanes change depoending on the halogen

Answer 4

fluorine is least reactive. iodine is the most reactive. bond enthanlpy of C-F is is the strongest because fluorine is the smallest halogen

Question 5

explain the elimination reaction of halogenalkanes

Answer 5

react halogenalkane with warm alkali dissolved in ethanol to get an alkene. heat under reflux to prevent volitile products from being lost