Alcohols

Question 1

how do you make chloroalkanes from an alcohol

Answer 1

react with phosphorus pentachloride

react with hydrochloric acid

Question 2

how do you make bromoalkanes from an alcohol

Answer 2

substitution reaction with hydrogen bromide. acid catalyst (50% concentrated sulfuric acid)

Question 3

how do you make iodoalkanes from an alcohol

Answer 3

react with phoshorus triiodide. PI3 made in situ by refluxing the alcohol with red phosphorus and iodine

Question 4

describe the dehydration of alcohols

Answer 4

the water is eliminated to from an alkene. concentrated phosphoric acid

Question 5

describe the oxidation of a primary alcohol

Answer 5

acidified potasium dichromate oxidising agent. distil for aldehyde. reflux for carboxylic acid

Question 6

describe the oxidation of sectondary alcohols

Answer 6

acidified potassium dichromate oxidising agent. reflux for ketone

Question 7

what is the functional group of an aldehyde

Answer 7

one alkyl group bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom (C=O)

Question 8

what is the functional group of a carboxylic acid

Answer 8

one alkyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the carbon of the carbonyl group.

Question 9

what is the functional group of an ketone

Answer 9

two alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom (C=O)