half-term 1- pg 8-19- variation, classification, survival

Question 1

species

Answer 1

Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

variation

Answer 2

The range of characteristics across individuals of the same group.

Question 3

biodiversity

Answer 3

The range of different organisms within an ecosystem.

Question 4

ecosystems

Answer 4

A community of organisms along with the non-living components (such as air, water, soil).

Question 5

classification

Answer 5

The way that scientists group organisms, for example into a genus or species.

Question 6

continuous variation

Answer 6

Variation that is distributed along a continuum, rather than in discrete categories, e.g. weight and height.

Question 7

discontinuous variation

Answer 7

Variation that is distributed in discrete categories, e.g. eye colour, left or right handedness.

Question 8

correlation

Answer 8

How well sets of data are linked; high correlation shows that there is a strong link between two sets of data.

Question 9

inbreeding

Answer 9

Breeding with close relatives.

Question 10

inherited

Answer 10

A feature or characteristic that has been passed on genetically.

Question 11

genetic

Answer 11

Caused by genes, inherited.

Question 12

selective breeding

Answer 12

Mating of two individuals chosen because of their characteristics, to produce offspring with a combination of desired characteristics.

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

Process by which characteristics that can be passed on in genes become more common in a population over many generations if they help the organism survive.

Question 14

evolution

Answer 14

The change in a species over a long period of time.

Question 15

what does biodiversity ensure?

Answer 15

clean air and water, fertile soils

Question 16

why is it important for ecosystems to have a high level of biodiversity?

Answer 16

an ecosystem with a high level of biodiversity is more able to survive changes, there is a greater chance of one of the species having features that enable it to adapt to change.

Question 17

how did the american scientist show people that races had distinct characters and all people can be divided into 5 races.

Answer 17

he collected sculls and stuffed each scull with peppercorns, then he poured the peppercorn into a container and measured its volume. he thought the higher the volume the more intelligent the person was- he claimed white people were the most intelligent.

Question 18

what did the american scientist use his measurements for?

Answer 18

to justify the institution of chattel slavery in the USA

Question 19

name 1 reason why his conclusions about peppercorns was wrong

Answer 19

the volume = mass of a brain does not relate at all tot he intelligence of a person

Question 20

why can’t a good biologist be racist?

Answer 20

biology shows us that the whole category of race is wrong

Question 21

1 good example of variation

Answer 21

not all rabbits are killed by the viral disease myxomatosis, some are resistant and can survive an outbreak.

Question 22

1 bad example of variation

Answer 22

albino giraffes do not survive in the wild.

Question 23

what does the classification system help us to do?

Answer 23

• clarify relationships among organisms
• remember organisms and their typical features
• communicate the identity of organisms being studied

Question 24

on the planet in which two places are ecosystems with the greatest biodiversity?

Answer 24

• tropical rain forests

- coral reefs

Question 25

what is one cause of variation in organisms?

Answer 25

environment + climate + food

Question 26

which 4 features are entirely inherited and not affected by the environment?

Answer 26

• eye colour
• blood group
• hair colour
• inherited diseases

Question 27

give an example of a feature caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors

Answer 27

a persons skin may have birthmarks and moles but during their lifetime scars may form and tattoos may be added.

Question 28

what was Charles Darwin’s view that living organisms ensure their offspring have survival advantage?

Answer 28

organism struggle for survival and reproduce to ensure some survive, the fittest have to survive long enough to reproduce and pass on the feature.

Question 29

what were Darwin’s conclusions?

Answer 29

• all organisms produce more offspring than needed
• organisms have a fairly constant population size.
• there is a wide range of features within a species
• some variations are inherited by the offspring

Question 30

what did Charles Darwin do?

Answer 30

studies birds in the Galapagos islands and discovered evolution

Question 31

what are dogs jobs?

Answer 31

to hunt/guard property or livestock

Question 32

why are some dogs selected for selective breeding?

Answer 32

their desirable traits such as floppy ears, short legs, flattened faces

Question 33

what issues has breeding dogs caused

Answer 33

• exaggerated physical features can reduce a dogs quality of life
• lack of inherited variation can lead to an increase in inherited disorders

Question 34

give and example of an exaggerated physical feature that can reduce a dogs quality of life

Answer 34

-dogs with short, flat faces often have narrow nostrils and abnormal windpipes so they can have difficulty breathing and walking.