Hairstyling, haircutting, chemical styling Flashcards
pass state board
Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred
to as _____.
reference points
Reference points in a haircut are used to establish _____.
design lines
Achieving balance within a design can be accomplished by understanding the _____ and reference
points.
head shape
What is the widest part of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown, that
can be found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head?
Parietal ridge
What bone protrudes at the base of the skull?
Occipital bone
The _____ is the highest point on the top of the head, and can be located easily by placing a comb on
top of the head and noticing that the comb is resting on the highest point.
apex
The location of the four corners signals a change in _____.
head shape
The two front corners represent the widest part of the _____.
bang area
Hair that grows below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of _____.
gravity
What area of the head is located between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge?
Crown
The _____ area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the
occipital bone.
nape
By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the _____ of
the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear.
back
What is the triangular section of the head that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners?
Bang area
A(n) _____ is a thin, continuous mark, curved or straight, used as a guide while cutting hair.
line
What is the working area of the hair that is separated prior to cutting?
Section
A(n) _____ is created when the space between two lines or surfaces intersects at a given point.
angle
An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating
shapes is the use of _____.
angles
The three types of straight lines in haircutting include horizontal, vertical, and _____ lines.
diagonal
What type of haircutting lines are parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon?
Horizontal lines
What type of haircutting lines are perpendicular to the horizon, and are used to remove weight to
create graduated or layered haircuts, and higher elevations?
Vertical lines
_____ lines in a haircut are those that lie between the horizontal and vertical, have a slanting or sloping
direction, and help to blend long layers into short layers to create fullness.
Diagonal
_____, or stacking, involves using diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a
slight increase or decrease in length.
Beveling
For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called _____.
sections
What is the line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section from another to create
subsections?
Parting
_____, also known as
a. Elevation
Elevation creates graduation and layers, and is usually described in _____.
degrees
What is the elevation, or degrees, contained in a blunt or one-length haircut?
0
When the hair is elevated _____, you are building weight in a haircut.
below 90 degrees
What hair type requires less elevation and should be left a bit longer when cutting because of
shrinkage as it dries?
Curly hair
_____ occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.
Shrinkage
The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the
_____.
cutting line
A(n) _____, also know as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut,
and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape.
guideline
Which guideline is used in a blunt, one-length haircut, or used in overdirection to create a length or
weight increase?
Stationary
Which guideline involves a small slice of a previous subsection that is moved to the next position and
becomes the new guideline?
Traveling guide
What technique should be used to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered
haircuts?
Overdirection
If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, overdirect the sections to a
stationary guide at the _____.
back of the ears
A _____ is a conversation between you and your client when you find out what the client is looking
for, offer suggestions and professional advice, and come to a joint decision about the most suitable
haircut.
client consultation
You can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her _____.
face shape
A client’s _____ is how he or she looks from the side and can be best viewed by pulling the hair away
from the face and up and away from the neck.
profile
If hair shrinks when it dries, you will need to cut wet hair _____ than the desired length.
1⁄4 to 1⁄2 inch
The _____ is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling
position.
growth pattern
Cowlicks and whorls are examples of _____ that will affect where the hair ends up once it is dry,
especially in the nape.
growth patterns
You should use the _____ degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around
the ears, to compensate for the hair being pushed up when it dries.
minimum
Hair _____ is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm2) of scalp and is usually
described as thin, medium, or thick.
density
Hair _____ is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand, usually classified as coarse,
medium, and fine.
texture
Which description is most accurate of fine, thin hair?
It needs weight and is limp.
The _____, or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies from client to client, as well as within
the same head of hair.
wave pattern
_____ shears, also known as scissors, are mainly used to cut blunt or straight lines in hair, to slide cut,
point cut, or to implement other texturizing techniques.
Haircutting
Which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair, and is often referred to as a thinning
shear, tapering shear, or notching shear?
Texturizing
Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are known as _____.
notching shears
Which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hair?
Wide-tooth comb
The comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor-over-comb technique,
is a _____.
barber comb
Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional
shears?
Japan, Germany, and the United States
The _____ indicates the method of gauging the hardness of the metal (steel) of an individual shear in
order to ensure that it maintains a sharp edge for an extended period of time.
Rockwell hardness
What is the ideal Rockwell hardness of a shear?
56–57
Professional shears are made by either casting or forging the steel. Which process is best for ensuring
shear durability, ease of adjustment or repair, and highest quality?
Forging only
A tension in your shears that is too _____ will allow your shears to fold the hair.
loose
Before purchasing _____, the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the
right blade edge.
shears
The best overall blade edge for a hair stylist is _____, because it will give you the smoothest cut and is
the sharpest edge possible.
convex
Which type of texture shear adds increased blending?
Texturizing
When your shear is properly fitted, the thumb hole will rest at or slightly over the _____.
cuticle area of the thumb
_____ in haircutting is the amount of pressure applied when combing or holding a subsection during a
haircut.
Tension
A general rule of thumb when cutting hair is to stand or sit directly in front of the area you are cutting,
and to keep your body weight _____.
centered
The hand position that is used most often when cutting uniform or increasing layers is called _____.
cutting over fingers
What is the best way to maintain control of the subsection when cutting with a vertical or diagonal
cutting line?
Palm-to-palm
_____ reduces strain on the index finger and thumb while cutting the hair.
Palming the shears
In a _____ haircut, also known as a one-length haircut, all of the hair comes to a single-hanging level
forming a weight line.
blunt
The _____ is the visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together.
weight line
Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are called _____.
layered cuts
A(n) _____ is a basic haircut, cut at a 90-degree elevation and then overdirected to maintain length and
weight at the perimeter.
long-layered cut
The technique used to check a haircut for precision of line and shape is called _____.
cross-checking
_____ should not be used on curly hair because it weakens the cuticle and causes the hair to frizz.
A razor
It is important to work with the natural _____, or where and how hair is moved over the head, when
locating the bang area.
distribution
Which method involves cutting or layering the hair in such a way that the fingers and shears glide
along the edge of the hair to remove length?
Slide cutting
The process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is called _____.
texturizing
_____ is another version of point cutting, in which a more aggressive technique is used to create a
Notching
Effilating, also known as _____, is the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears.
slithering
When using the slicing technique to remove weight and add movement through the lengths of the hair,
the shears should never be completely _____.
closed
Electric or battery-operated tools that cut the hair by using two moving blades held in place by a metal
plate with teeth are called _____.
clippers
What technique allows you to cut hair very close to the scalp and create a flat top or square shape?
Clipper-over-comb
A professional _____ is responsible for educating clients about at-home maintenance and styling
options for their hair.
hairstylist
What process shapes and directs the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and
finger-waving lotion, and was the rage in the 1920s and 1930s?
Finger waving
What substance, also known as liquid gel, makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the
finger-waving procedure?
Finger-waving lotion
_____ curls serve as a basis for patterns, lines, waves, curls, and rolls that are used in a wide range of
hairstyles and can be used on all types of hair, including straight, permanent waved, or naturally curly
Pin
The _____ is the stationary (non-moving) foundation of the curl, on the area closest to the scalp
base
What section of the pin curl lies between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its
direction and movement, and determines the amount of mobility or movement in a section of hair?
Stem
What type of curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl
and allows minimum mobility?
No-stem curl
What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility?
Full-stem curl
A _____ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of
shaping
What are the pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls?
Open-center curls
Which pin curls produce waves that get smaller in size toward the end?
Closed-center curls
The terms _____ curls and _____ curls are used to describe the direction of pin curls.
clockwise; counterclockwise
