HAIR FINAL DISEASE, CHEM, ANAT SCIENCE Flashcards
SCIENCE ASPECT OF FINAL
Which of the following is a mechanical process?
Cleaning
In 2012, along with representatives from most nations who participate in the United Nations, OSHA
agreed to comply with which of the following?
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System
According to your text, the GHS gives workers the right to
understand safety concerns associated with chemicals
As of June 2015, both federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a(n) _____ for all
chemical products manufactured and sold.
SDS
Which item is included in the “Identification” section of the MSDS?
Restrictions on product use
OSHA and state regulatory agencies require that SDSs be
kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces are known
AS disinfectants
Which agency is responsible for designating disinfecting agents as being effective enough to be used
in a hospital setting and effective for cleaning blood and body fluids?
EPA
What is safe and useful type of disinfectant, commonly called quats?
Quaternary ammonium compounds
State regulatory agencies _____.
create the rules that determine how laws are applied
Laws are also called
statutes
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria can result in a(n) _____.
infection
Which action is best defined as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and
equipment by washing with soap and water?
Cleaning
One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as _____.
bacteria
Nonpathogenic bacteria are _____.
harmless
Round-shaped bacteria are called _____.
cocci
Which organisms are pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes?
Staphylococci
Short, rod-shaped bacteria are called
bacilli
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called _____.
spirilla
The type of bacteria that rarely shows any active motility is known as _____.
cocci
Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called _____.
protoplasm
Together, the active stage and inactive, or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the _____.
life cycle of bacteria
Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?
Swelling
A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of _____.
pus
A pimple or an abscess is an example of a _____.
local infection
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) initially appears as a _____.
skin infection
A disease that is transmitted from one person to another is called _____.
communicable
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism is a
virus
Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called _____.
bloodborne pathogens
Which disease is bloodborne and can cause liver damage?
Hepatitis
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes
AIDS
Single-cell organisms such as molds, mildews, and yeasts are _____.
fungi
Which fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the
salon?
Tinea Pedis
Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called _____.
toxins
The most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services is _____.
tinea pedis
The body’s first line of defense against infection is _____.
healthy, uncompromised skin
Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in a host organism are called _____.
parasites
What is a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite?
scabies
What type of immunity does the body develop after overcoming a disease or through inoculations?
Acquired immunity
What is the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores?
Sterilization
Which action is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments?
Using a cleaning solvent
A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless
substances is a(n) _____.
a. allergy
The term describing the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used
according to the label instructions is
efficacy
Phenolic disinfectants are _____.
known carcinogens
Sodium hypochlorite is the chemical name for _____.
bleach
Which item would be described as multi-use?
Nippers
Single-use items that do not have the capacity to be disinfected after each client use must be _____.
discarded
Which statement best describes UV sanitizers?
They do not disinfect nor do they sterilize.
Which foot spa has come under scrutiny because disease-causing microorganisms tend to grow inside
Whirlpool foot spa
Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin, and registered and regulated by the FDA are called
antiseptics
Which statement describes the proper use of waterless hand sanitizers in the salon?
They can be used AFTER soap and water, but cannot be substituted for soap and water.
Standard Precautions that require the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body
fluids are potentially infectious are published by the _____.
CDC
_____ gloves are considered the best choice for use in nail services because they are made of more
durable material and help eliminate the possibility of latex allergy.
Nitrile
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard is called
personal protective equipment
When hand washing, it is important to rub hands together for a minimum of how long?
20 seconds
Which scenario is an example of an exposure incident?
A cosmetologist cuts herself while providing a service to a client.
If an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be _____.
placed in a plastic bag which is then placed in a closed trash container with a liner bag
The study of body structures that can be seen with the eye is called
anatomy
The scientific study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called _____.
physiology
The basic units of all living things are
cells
The cells of all living organisms are made of a substance called _____.
a. protoplasm
The dense, active structure at the center of the cell is the _____.
nucleus
What is the fluid of a cell that surrounds the nucleus and is necessary for growth and reproduction?
Cytoplasm
In living organisms, cell reproduction is called _____.
mitosis
Most cells reproduce by dividing into two cells called _____ cells.
daughter
A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____.
tissue
What is the tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body?
Connective tissue
Another term for fat is _____ tissue.
adipose
You hungrily take a bite of steaming hot pizza and the bubbling cheese burns the inside of your mouth.
What type of tissue have you damaged?
Epithelial
The type of tissue that controls and coordinates body functions is _____ tissue.
nerve
Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in plants and animals are
called _____.
organs
The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the _____.
skeletal system
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206
The joint pain people complain about is often caused by _____.
inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint
The skull consists of the _____.
cranium and facial bones
The facial skeleton has how many bones?
Fourteen
The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____.
occipital
The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the _____.
d. sphenoid bone
The cheekbones are also called the _____.
zygomatic bones
The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the _____.
thorax
The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little
finger, is the _____.
radius
The bones in the fingers or digits are called _____.
a. phalanges
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the _____.
femur
The ankle joint is composed of how many bones?
Three
The part of the muscle that does not move is the _____.
origin
The middle part of the muscle is called the _____.
belly
The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton is the _____.
insertion
Pressure in massage is usually directed from the _____.
insertion to the origin
To find the comb she dropped on the floor while working on her client Tyna lowered her head and
turned her head away. What muscle was Tyna most likely using?
Sternocleidomastoideus
Suppose you instruct a client to close his or her eyes before you apply makeup. Which muscle are you
instructing the client to use?
Orbicularis oculi
You notice your instructor watching you perform a service. Your instructor’s eyebrows are down and
her forehead has vertical wrinkles in it. What muscle is she most likely using?
Corrugator muscle
Which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application?
Levator palpebrae superioris
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the _____.
trapezius
The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the _____.
pronators
Muscles that draw the fingers together the fingers are called _____.
adductors
The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is called
neurology
The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions?
Three
What nervous system controls the voluntary functions of the five senses?
Central
The largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue in the body is the
brain
The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) _____.
reflex
The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue that make up
the nervous system are called _____.
nerves
The largest of the cranial nerves also called the fifth cranial nerve, is the _____.
trigeminal nerve
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?
Sural nerve
To what part of the heart is oxygenated blood returned?
left atrium
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are
veins
How much blood is in the adult human body?
8 to 10 pints
Blood is generally bright red in the arteries and dark red in the veins. What accounts for the difference
in color?
The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen
The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the _____.
common carotid arteries
Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?
Thymus gland
The word integument means _____.
natural covering
One square centimeter of skin contains_____ yards of nerves.
4
Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are _____.
endocrine glands
Insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen are examples of _____.
hormones
Which gland plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism?
Pineal
How might a cosmetologist notice changes in a client’s thyroid function?
Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails
Which organ is part of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries
The primary male reproductive hormone is _____.
Progestin
Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentations are some of the
results of changing or fluctuating
hormones
A freckle is an example of a mark on the skin known as a _____.
lesion
A large blister containing a watery fluid is a _____.
bulla
For which of the following skin lesions should the cosmetologist refer the client to his or her
physician?
Bulla
A flat spot or discoloration on the skin is a _____.
macule
A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a _____.
papule
A _____ forms from a papule when dead white blood cells accumulate in it.
pustule
An abnormal cell mass that varies in size, color, and shape is a _____.
tumor
Which of the following is considered to be a primary skin lesion?
Wheal
A(n) _____ is an itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a number of factors and usually resolves
by itself.
wheal
Lesions of the skin characterized by piles of material or a depression on the skin surface are _____.
secondary skin lesions
Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing comprise a _____.
Excorciation
Cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are _____.
fissures
Which of the following is a secondary lesion?
Keloid
An excessively thick scar resulting from overgrowth of fibrous tissue is known as a _____.
keloid
Any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes is known as a _____.
scale
An open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of
skin depth, is a(n) _____.
ulcer
A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum forms a _____.
comedo
A whitehead is also called a _____.
closed comedo
Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are
_____.
milia
_____ are keratin-filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly found
around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead.
Milia
What is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused from
retained secretions?
Acne
A _____ is a large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum.
sebaceous cyst
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or
itchiness is called _____.
seborrheic dermatitis
Distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called _____.
telangiectasias
Ingestion of _____ foods can aggravate rosacea.
spicy
Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is _____.
hyperhidrosis
_____ is a common bacterial infection of the eye.
Conjunctivitis
What is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores?
Herpes simplex I
A noncontagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales found on
the scalp elbows, knees, chest and lower back is _____.
psoriasis
Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and
eyes is called _____.
albinism
_____ is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal light patches.
Leukoderma
_____ refers to an abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular
shape.
Stain
A _____ is a small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.
skin tag
Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis is a _____.
verruca
The most common and least severe type of skin cancer is _____.
basal cell carcinoma
What type of skin cancer is often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning
sign of _____.
malignant melanoma
The American Cancer Society recommends using a checklist to recognize potential skin cancer or
changes in moles, using the letter B to check mole _____.
borders
The main food source for acne bacteria is _____.
fatty acids
Which of the following is an extrinsic skin-aging factor?
Sun exposure
Between 80 percent and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by _____.
sun exposure
The UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms. What are these?
UVA and UVB rays
What rays of the sun cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays?
UVB rays
The two types of contact dermatitis are _____.
allergic and irritant
_____ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.
Sensitization