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Final Hair design > HAIR FINAL STYLING AND CUTTING > Flashcards

HAIR FINAL STYLING AND CUTTING Flashcards

STYLING, CHEMICAL, HAIRCOLOR, AND CUTTING ASPECTS OF TEST

1
Q

What term refers to the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care?

A

Trichology

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2
Q

The Greek word trichos means _____.

A

hair

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3
Q

The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of the _____ system.

A

integumentary

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4
Q

What part of the hair is located below the surface of the epidermis?

A

Hair root

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5
Q

The pocket or tube-like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root is the hair _____.

A

follicle

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6
Q

The thickened, club-like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the _____.

A

hair bulb

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7
Q

A small, cone-shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb is the
_____.

A

dermal papilla

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8
Q

What structures contain the blood and nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth?

A

Dermal papillae

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9
Q

The small, involuntary muscle fiber in the base of the hair follicle is the _____.

A

arrector pili

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10
Q

The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is called _____.

A

sebum

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11
Q

What is the oily substance secreted by the skin’s oil glands that lubricates the hair and skin?

A

Sebum

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12
Q

The body naturally produces _____ of the 20 amino acids that make up hair.

A

11

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13
Q

What is the outermost layer of hair?

A

Hair Cuticle

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14
Q

Which layer of the hair shaft creates the shine and the smooth, silky feel of healthy hair?

A

Hair Cuticle

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15
Q

A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is
attached to the _____.

A

cortex

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16
Q

Which term refers to a layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers?

A

Hair cuticle

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17
Q

The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment is the _____.

A

cortex

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18
Q

The changes involved in oxidation haircoloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and
chemical hair relaxing take place within the _____.

A

cortex

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19
Q

Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the _____.

A

hair follicle

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20
Q

The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of

A

keratinized protein

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21
Q

Hair is approximately _____ percent protein.

A

90

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22
Q

The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, often
referred to as _____.

A

COHNS elements

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23
Q

The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads are _____.

A

amino acids

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24
Q

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a _____ chain.

A

polypeptide

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25
Q

What substances are comprised of long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids?

A

Proteins

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26
Q

The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are _____.

A

hydrogen, salt, and disulfide

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27
Q

What type of bond is broken by wetting the hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries?

A

Hydrogen bond

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28
Q

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes
in pH is a _____ bond.

A

salt

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29
Q

Permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hair’s _____.

A

disulfide bonds

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30
Q

Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to _____ bonds.

A

lanthionine

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31
Q

All natural hair color is the result of pigment called _____.

A

melanin

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32
Q

The pigment that provides brown or black color to hair is _____.

A

eumelanin

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33
Q

What pigment in hair provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones?

A

Pheomelanin

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34
Q

What term refers to the shape of the hair strand?

A

Wave pattern

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35
Q

What is the cross-section shape of curly hair?

A

Oval

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36
Q

Vellus hair is also known as _____ hair.

A

lanugo

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37
Q

What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy?

A

Vellus hair

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38
Q

What are the three growth cycles of human hair?

A

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

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39
Q

What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?

A

Anagen

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40
Q

What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed?

A

Telogen phase

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41
Q

The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as _____.

A

alopecia areata

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42
Q

The complete loss of all body hair is known as _____.

A

alopecia universalis

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43
Q

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called

A

postpartum alopecia

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44
Q

What is the technical term for gray hair?

A

Canities

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45
Q

The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is referred to as _____.

A

hypertrichosis

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46
Q

Trichoptilosis is the technical term for _____.

A

split ends

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47
Q

What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along
the hair shaft?

A

Trichorrhexis nodosa

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48
Q

What is the technical term for beaded hair?

A

Monilethrix

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49
Q

What is the technical term for brittle hair?

A

Fragilitas crinium

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50
Q

What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?

A

Pityriasis

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51
Q

Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called _____.

A

malassezia

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52
Q

What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales
mixed with sebum?

A

Pityriasis steatoides

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53
Q

What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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54
Q

What is the medical term for ringworm?

A

Tinea

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55
Q

Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by _____.

A

fungal organisms

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56
Q

What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp?

A

Tinea favosa

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57
Q

What is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite?

A

Scabies

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58
Q

What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice?

A

Pediculosis capitis

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59
Q

What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant
pain?

A

Furuncle

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60
Q

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as hair _____.

A

texture

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61
Q

Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?

A

Coarse hair

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62
Q

The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp
is hair _____.

A

density

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63
Q

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair _____.

A

porosity

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64
Q

Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a _____ solution.

A

more alkaline

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65
Q

The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as hair
_____.

A

elasticity

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66
Q

Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction, is known as a
_____.

A

hair stream

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67
Q

Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and _____.

A

emollients

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68
Q

The _____ for design are likely to come from many sources: movies, TV, magazines, videos, even a
person on the street—anywhere, at any time.

A

inspiration

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69
Q

The five basic elements of three-dimensional hair design are line, form, space, design texture, and

A

color

70
Q

What element of hair design defines form and space, while creating the shape, design, and movement
of a hairstyle?

A

Line

71
Q

Which type of line is used to create width in the hair, extending in the same direction while
maintaining a constant distance apart?

A

Horizontal line

72
Q

The type of line used to create length and height in hair design while making the hair style appear
longer and narrower is a(n) _____.

A

vertical line

73
Q

_____ lines are positioned between horizontal and vertical lines and are often used to emphasize or
minimize facial features.

A

Diagonal

74
Q

_____ lines move in a circular or semi-circular direction and are used to soften a design.

A

Curved

75
Q

Curved lines can be placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, and are used to create a _____ when
repeating in opposite directions.

A

wave

76
Q

The one-length hairstyle is an example of the use of _____ lines.

A

single

77
Q

Contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge and form a _____.

A

90-degree angle

78
Q

What lines are curved and used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines?

A

Transitional lines

79
Q

_____ lines have a definite forward or backward movement.

A

Directional

80
Q

Another name for the three-dimensional volume or mass of a hairstyle that exhibits length, width, and
depth is _____.

A

form

81
Q

A hair form should be in proportion to the shape of the head and face, the length and width of the neck,
and the _____ line.

A

shoulder

82
Q

What term describes the area surrounding the form, or the area the hairstyle occupies, which may also
contain curls, waves, straight hair, or any combination?

A

Space

83
Q

_____ refers to directional wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style

A

Design texture

84
Q

_____ hair can create a larger form of hair that is more coiled, grows more compact together, and will

A

Curly

85
Q

Chemically infused services that make changes in the natural texture, curl, or wave pattern in the hair
are considered _____.

A

permanent

86
Q

_____-based chemical treatments used for smoothing or straightening are now more readily available
but still not considered completely permanent.

A

Keratin

87
Q

Stylists should use _____ wave patterns to accentuate the face and narrow a round head shape.

A

smooth

88
Q

Which element of hair design is used to define texture and line, in addition to linking design elements
together?

A

Hair Color

89
Q

What element acts as an illusion and helps to create lines of attention in a hair style?

A

Color

90
Q

Use a _____ to draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel.

A

light color

91
Q

A _____ in a design can be created using a single line of color, or a series of repeated lines.

A

bold, dramatic accent

92
Q

The five important principles in art and design—proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and
_____—are also the basis for hair design.

A

harmony

93
Q

The comparative relationship of one thing to another in hair design is called _____.

A

proportion

94
Q

Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry in a design is called _____.

A

balance

95
Q

To measure symmetry, you should divide the face into _____ parts.

A

four equal

96
Q

What hair design is created when the two halves of a hairstyle form a mirror image of each other?

A

Symmetrical balance

97
Q

What hair design is created when the two halves of a hairstyle have equal visual weight, but are
positioned unevenly?

A

Asymmetrical balance

98
Q

The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is known as the _____.

A

rhythm

99
Q

The _____, also known as focus, in a design is what draws the eye first, before it travels to the rest of
the design.

A

emphasis

100
Q

The principle of hair design that holds all the elements of design together is _____.

A

harmony

101
Q

What are the two defining characteristics of hair type?

A

Wave patterns and hair texture

102
Q

What four common directional patterns, or waves, are found in all hair and must be considered when
designing a style?

A

Straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly

103
Q

The basic hair textures are fine, medium, and _____.

A

coarse

104
Q

Hair density ranges from thick to thin and is measured per square _____.

A

inch

105
Q

Wavy, _____ hair offers the most versatility in styling.

A

medium

106
Q

A client’s facial shape is determined by the position and prominence of the _____.

A

facial bones

107
Q

Which facial shape is 1– times longer than its width across the brow?

A

oval face

108
Q

The best styling choice for a client with a round facial type would be one with _____.

A

volume on the top and closeness or no volume at the sides

109
Q

To offset or round out the square facial type, choose a style that has _____.

A

volume around the areas between the temples and jaw and added width around the ears

110
Q

The outline of the face, head, and figure seen in a side view is known as the _____.

A

profile

111
Q

What is considered to be the ideal profile?

A

Straight profile

112
Q

A _____ profile has a receding forehead and chin.

A

b. convex

113
Q

A _____ profile has a prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward.

A

concave

114
Q

Lighter highlights may be used at the temples on a client with a narrow forehead to create the illusion
of _____.

A

width

115
Q

The triangular section of the face that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the
front corners is called the _____ area, or fringe area.

A

bang

116
Q

A curved part is used for a high forehead or _____.

A

receding hairline

117
Q

_____ back partings are used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle.

A

Diagonal

118
Q

One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a _____.

A

shampoo

119
Q

Often called simply “the shampoo,” this first step of the service actually encompasses three different
processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and

A

conditioning

120
Q

What are the two basic requirements for a maintaining a healthy scalp?

A

Cleanliness and stimulation

121
Q

When are scalp treatments performed?

A

Before or during the shampoo

122
Q

_____ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.

A

Massage

123
Q

What factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage?

A

The products that are used

124
Q

A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a(n) _____.

A

hair and scalp examination

125
Q

During a dry hair and scalp treatment, a _____, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help
resolve the moisture balance in the hair.

A

scalp steamer

126
Q

Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions contain antifungal agents that control
dandruff by suppressing the growth of a bacteria called _____.

A

malessezia

127
Q

Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a
chemical or haircolor service, or before/after a _____ service.

A

highlighting

128
Q

Brushes with _____ bristles have many tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to
the hair.

A

natural

129
Q

If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or
infectious disease, discontinue the service(s) and refer them immediately and tactfully to a(n) _____.

A

physician

130
Q

To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without _____.

A

adversely affecting the scalp or hair

131
Q

Hair should be shampooed _____.

A

as often as necessary

132
Q

Maintaining good _____ while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strain, and
fatigue.

A

posture

133
Q

Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin
straightener is called _____.

A

chemically treated

134
Q

Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of
_____ in the solution.

A

hydrogen

135
Q

What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?

A

High-pH shampoo

136
Q

Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a(n) _____.

A

universal solvent

137
Q

Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by _____, in which matter is allowed to sink to the
bottom of the collecting reservoir.

A

sedimentation

138
Q

What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for
purification purposes?

A

Filtration

139
Q

What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of
providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria?

A

Chlorine

140
Q

What water purification process is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which water is heated until
it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?

A

Distillation

141
Q

It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supply to the salon is _____ because it may
affect the outcome of the clients’ chemical services.

A

soft or hard

142
Q

The main ingredient in most shampoos is _____.

A

water

143
Q

_____ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed.

A

DeionizedDeionized

144
Q

Ingredients in shampoos, as well as all other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging
according to the percentages of each ingredient or in _____.

A

descending order

145
Q

The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the _____, or base detergent, which contains the
surface active cleaning agents.

A

primary surfactant

146
Q

What term describes the water-attracting head of a surfactant molecule?

A

Hydrophilic

147
Q

The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be _____.

A

oil-attracting

148
Q

What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by
the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?

A

pH-balanced shampoos

149
Q

_____ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and
shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.

A

Conditioning

150
Q

What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft?

A

Protein and biotin

151
Q

Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be _____.

A

nonstripping

152
Q

_____ shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving
other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician.

A

Medicated

153
Q

Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the
hair is evident and prior to all chemical services?

A

Clarifying shampoo

154
Q

What type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?

A

Balancing

155
Q

What type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and
water?

A

Dry

156
Q

_____ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap
base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair
color.

A

Sulfate-free

157
Q

A _____ shampoo is designed to re-balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and
unwanted residues in the hair.

A

neutralizing

158
Q

Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called
_____.

A

color-enhancing shampoos

159
Q

What type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to
the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?

A

Keratin

160
Q

What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore
the hair’s strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?

A

Conditioners

161
Q

What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?

A

Humectants

162
Q

_____ conditioners are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from
within while temporarily reconstructing the hair.

A

Protein

163
Q

Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil
accumulation from the scalp?

A

Scalp astringent lotions

164
Q

_____, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated
proteins and intensive moisturizers.

A

Deep-conditioning treatments

165
Q

A _____ draping is also known as a wet draping.

A

shampoo

166
Q

A _____ strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more
precision while cutting.

A

neck

167
Q

When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the _____.

A

client’s skin

168
Q

Do not massage or manipulate a client’s scalp if you detect the presence of _____.

A

abrasions

169
Q

During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the _____.

A

hairline

170
Q

When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a(n) _____.

A

back-and-forth movement

Final Hair design (4 decks)

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