Hair/skin/nails Flashcards
What diseases can seborrheic dermatitis be associated with?
Central nervous system disorders (especially Parkinson’s) and HIV
What do keratoacanthomas look like?
Dome-shaped nodules with a central keratinous plug. Usually benign but can do malignant transformation
What is the appearance and features of actinic keratosis?
Pre-malignant lesion characterized by dry, scaly, flat papules with an erythmatous base, most commonly seen in sun-exposed areas
What is an acrochordon?
Skin tag
What is pathergy?
Exaggerated ulcerating skin response to minor injuries (e.g. needlestick). Seen in Behçet syndrome
What is ichthyosis vulgaris?
A chronic, inherited skin disorder characterized by diffuse dermal scaling (dry, rough skin)
What is porphyria cutanea tarda?
Fragile, photosensitive skin that develops vesicles and bullae with trauma or sun exposure (e.g. on dorsa of the hands). Hep C is strongly associated with the condition. Diagnosis is supported by increased plasma and urine porphyrins. Tx with either serial phlebotomy or hydroxychloroquine
What is hidradenitis suppurativa (aka acne inversa)?
Most commonly occurs in intertriginous areas (e.g. axilla, inguinal, perineal areas). Due to chronic inflammation of folliculopilosebaceous units and presents as solitary, painful, inflamed nodules that can last for days to months. Can regress on own or can turn into draining abscesses. Risk factors: smoking, obesity, DM, friction
What are complications of hidradentitis suppurativa?
Sinus tracts (risk for abscess formation), comedones, and scarring that can become severe and lead to decreased limb movement
What is intertrigo?
Due to infection with Candida and presents as well-defined, erythematous plaques with satellite vesicles or pustules in intertriginous and occluded skin areas
What is a furuncle?
A skin abscess, usually cause by Staph aureus
What skin changes are seen in lymphedema?
Early: pitting edema (often painful)
Late: firm, thickened skin and nonpitting edema (2/2 deposition of subcutaneous collagen and adipose tissue)
What medication is associated with drug-induced acne (monomorphic papules without associated comedones, commonly involving the upper back, shoulders, and upper arms)?
Glucocorticoids
What is a common skin manifestation of a glucagonoma?
Necrolytic migratory erythema: erythematous papules/plaques on face, perineum, and extremities. Lesions enlarge and coalesce over 7-14 days with central clearing and blistering, crusting and scaling borders
What are the three most common etiologies of digital clubbing?
Lung malignancies, cystic fibrosis, and right-to-left cardiac shunts
What skin cancer is most associated with immunosuppressive therapy?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are features of bollous pemphigoid?
An autoimmune, blistering skin disorder caused by circulating antibodies against the BP antigen on hemidesmosomes (causes linear IgG deposits along basement membrane). Tense subepidermal blisters develop and can become hemorrhagic or turbid. Peak incidence in people above 60 years of age. Recurrent lesions typically occur in skin flexures (e.g., groin, axilla) and over the abdomen; mucous membranes are usually spared.
What are features of pemphigus vulgaris?
An autoimmune, blistering skin disorder caused by circulating antibodies against desmoglein 3 and 1. Painful oral ulcers develop first followed by flaccid intraepidermal blisters on a nonerythematous base. Peak incidence is 30–60 years of age. Recurrent lesions typically occur on the scalp, face, trunk, and regions of pressure, and are associated with a positive Nikolsky sign.
What neoplasms is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
Gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract neoplasms
What condition is sudden-onset severe psoriasis associated with?
HIV
What is the most common cause of erysipelas and lymphangitis?
Step pyogenes
What is the most common cause cellulitis?
Staph aureus
