Hagen Chapter 26 Pediatric Abdomen

Question 1

A pitfall in diagnosing appendicitis may be which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Enlarged lymph nodes
b. Dilated antrum
c. Hydronephrosis
d. Hydrops

Answer 1

a. Enlarged lymph nodes

Question 2

An abdominal ultrasound may be ordered in the neonate when jaundice persists beyond \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. 5 days
b. 2 months
c. 2 weeks 
d. 5 weeks

Answer 2

c. 2 weeks

Question 3

An overdistended stomach \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ displaces the pylorus.
Select one:
a. Anteriorly
b. Posteriorly 
c. Laterally
d. Medially

Answer 3

b. Posteriorly

Question 4

Children with intussusception may exhibit the following clinical presentations except:
Select one:
a. Colicky abdominal pain
b. Vomiting
c. Bloody stools
d. Tenderness over McBurney's poin

Answer 4

d. Tenderness over McBurney’s poin

Question 5

Hepatoblastoma has been associated with which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Meige syndrome
b. Choledochal cyst
c. Precocious puberty 
d. Intussusception

Answer 5

c. Precocious puberty

Question 6

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis occurs in all of the following patient populations except:
Select one:
a. Most commonly found in male patients
b. Most commonly found in female patients
c. Infants between 3 and 6 weeks of age
d. Infants with bile-free projectile vomiting

Answer 6

b. Most commonly found in female patients

Question 7

In older children, the common bile duct should not exceed \_\_\_\_\_ mm.
Select one:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4 
d. 5

Answer 7

c. 4

Question 8

In patients with appendicitis, the outer diameter should measure at least \_\_\_\_\_ mm.
Select one:
a. 6 
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5

Answer 8

a. 6

Question 9

Other causes of vomiting in the infant include all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Pylorospasm
b. Hiatal hernia
c. Malrotation of the bowel
d. Appendicolith

Answer 9

d. Appendicolith

Question 10

Other findings that may indicate appendicitis include all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Free peritoneal fluid
b. Loculated fluid in the lower abdomen
c. Appendicolith
d. Meckel diverticulum

Answer 10

d. Meckel diverticulum

Question 11

Preparation for a biliary sonographic examination of a 2-year-old child is nothing by mouth (nil per os; NPO) for \_\_\_\_ hours.
Select one:
a. 4 
b. 5
c. 6
d. 8

Answer 11

a. 4

Question 12

Sonographic characteristics associated with the bowel include all of the following signs except:
Select one:
a. Croissant 
b. Doughnut
c. Target
d. Pseudokidney

Answer 12

a. Croissant

Question 13

The length of the pediatric gallbladder should not exceed which one of the following?
Select one:
a. 6 cm
b. 8 cm
c. 10 cm
d. Length of the kidney

Answer 13

d. Length of the kidney

Question 14

The mean portal vein measurement in children younger than 10 years of age is \_\_\_\_\_\_ millimeters (mm).
Select one:
a. 5
b. 7.5
c. 8.5 
d. 10

Answer 14

c. 8.5

Question 15

The most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis
b. Appendicitis
c. Intussusception 
d. Biliary atresia

Answer 15

c. Intussusception

Question 16

The most common causes of prolonged neonatal jaundice include all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Hepatoblastoma 
b. Choledochal cyst
c. Hepatitis
d. Biliary atresia

Answer 16

a. Hepatoblastoma

Question 17

The most common type of choledochal cyst is:
Select one:
a. Diverticula of the common bile duct (CBD)
b. Fusiform dilation of the CBD
c. Dilation of intrahepatic ducts
d. Dilation of intraduodenal portion of the CBD

Answer 17

b. Fusiform dilation of the CBD

Question 18

The pylorus muscle connects the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with the duodenum.
Select one:
a. Body of the stomach
b. Antrum of the stomach 
c. Lesser curvature of the stomach
d. Fundus of the stomach

Answer 18

b. Antrum of the stomach

Question 19

Unconjugated bilirubin is elevated in which one of the following percentages of normal-term infants?
Select one:
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60 
d. 80

Answer 19

c. 60

Question 20

What percentage of liver tumors in children are benign?
Select one:
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 40% 
d. 75%

Answer 20

c. 40%

Question 21

When bowel prolapses into the distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion, this condition is known as which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
b. Intussusception
c. Projectile vomiting
d. Appendicitis

Answer 21

b. Intussusception

Question 22

Which one of the following is considered to be the infantile form of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Select one:
a. Neuroblastoma
b. Wilms tumor 
c. Hepatoblastoma
d. Both A and B

Answer 22

c. Hepatoblastoma

Question 23

Which one of the following is the most likely condition to lead to cirrhosis?
Select one:
a. Jaundice
b. Hepatitis
c. Choledochal cyst
d. Biliary atresia

Answer 23

d. Biliary atresia

Question 24

Which one of the following statements about appendicitis is false?
Select one:
a. In young children, appendicitis may lead to perforation within 6 to 12 hours.
b. The adnexa should also be evaluated in female patients.
c. A graded-compression technique is used.
d. The appendix is anterior and lateral to the psoas muscle.

Answer 24

d. The appendix is anterior and lateral to the psoas muscle.

Question 25

Which one of the statements seen below is false regarding biliary atresia?
Select one:
a. May not involve the gallbladder.
b. May affect the intrahepatic ducts.
c. May not affect the extrahepatic ducts.
d. Is more common in female patients.

Answer 25

d. Is more common in female patients