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LCRS Pharm > Haemostasis & thrombosis drugs > Flashcards

Haemostasis & thrombosis drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name five anticoagulants

A 
Rivaroxaban 
Dabigatran 
Heparin
Dalteparin 
Warfarin
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2
Q

Which anticoagulant inhibits factor 10a (Xa)?

A

RivaroXaban

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3
Q

Which anticoagulant inhibits factor 2a?

A

Dabigatran

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4
Q

What does heparin activate and inhibit?

A

Activates ANTITHROMBIN

Inhibits factor 2a and 10a

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5
Q

What is dalteparin?

A

A low weight molecular heparin

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6
Q

How does dalteparin work?

A

Activates Antithombin

Preferentially inhibits factor 10a

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7
Q

What do you use anti-coagulants for (what colour is the thrombus)? Give examples

A

Clots in veins; red thrombi
DVT
PE

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8
Q

What factors affect the the risk of thrombus formation? (Virchow’s triad)

A

Rate of blood flow (stasis)
Consistency of the blood (viscous)
Blood vessel integrity (e.g. in HTN or after surgery)

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9
Q

What do we use antiplatelets for?

A

If the clot is in an artery; white thrombi
NSTEMI
STEMI

Often prophylactically given to patients with atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Name three antiplatelet drugs

A

Clopidogrel
Aspirin
Abciximab

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11
Q

Name three sites on a platelet which can be targeted by drugs

A

P2Y12 receptor
COX 1
Glp2b/3a

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12
Q

What does Abciximab inhibit?

A

Glp 2b/3a; therefore inhibits platelet aggregation

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13
Q

What does Clopi inhibit?

A

P2Y12 receptor; prevents ADP binding

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14
Q

What does Aspirin bind to at low doses and what is the downstream effect?

A

Irreversibly binds to COX 1

Cox 1 is needed to convert arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2, which in turn is needed to produce Glp2b/3a receptors for platelet aggregation

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15
Q

How does the body remove a preformed clot?

A

tPA converts plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin

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16
Q

Which drug mimics the action of tPA?

A

Alteplase

17
Q

Which four drugs are used to treat PE and DVT? Name the class.

A 
Anticoagulants:
Dalteparin (SC, antithrombin activator)
Heparin (SC/IV, antithrombin activator)
Rivaroxaban (oral, fXa inhibitor)
Warfarin (oral, vitamin K antagonist)
18
Q

Which drugs are given to patients with atherosclerosis, prophylactically?

A 
COX inhibitors (aspirin)
P2Y12 receptor antagonists (clopidogrel)
GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists (abciximab)
19
Q

Which drugs are given after rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque?

A

Thrombolytics (Alteplase)

20
Q

What else are thrombolytics indicated for?

A

Ischaemic stroke

21
Q

What effect does thrombin have on platelets?

A

Thrombin binds to platelets via PAR. This stimulates:
Ca2+ influx (ADP exocytosis, P2Y12 binding and platelet aggregation)
Liberation of arachidonic acid (cox 1 converts to TXA2, which stimulates the production of Gp2b3a for platelet binding)

LCRS Pharm (6 decks)

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