Haemostasis disorders Flashcards
Give two examples of congenital bleeding disorders
Haemophilia A/B
Von Willebrand disease
What is the difference between Haemophilia A and B?
A is a factor VIII deficiency
B is a factor IX deficiency
Describe the characteristic presentation of Haemophilia
Haematomas and/or haemorrhagic arthropathy (bleeding into a joint e.g. the knee)
How is haemophilia inherited?
X-linked recessive disorder
What is thrombocytopenia?
Acquired bleeding disorder caused by low platelets, either due to increased consumption or decreased production of platelets
What conditions can cause a decrease in platelet production?
Immune idiopathic thrombocytopenia
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Hypersplenism
What conditions can cause an increase in platelet consumption?
Marrow failure
Aplasia
Infiltration e.g. myeloma, leukaemia
Describe the characteristic presentation of thrombocytopenia
Petichiae and bruising
What is the most common cause of pathological bleeding?
Drug-induced
Which drugs can increase the risk of bleeding?
Warfarin Heparin Aspirin Clopidogrel Rivaroxaban Apixaban Dabigatran Bivalivudan
What types of organ failure can cause acquired bleeding disorders?
Liver failure
Renal failure
What type of clots form in arterial thromboembolic disease?
White clots
- primarily platelets and fibrin
Due to athersclerosis
What type of clots form in venous thromboembolic disease?
Red clots
- primarily fibrin and red cells
Due to blood stasis and hypercoagulability
What are the consequences of arterial thromboembolism?
Inschaemia and infarmction
- MI/unstable angina
- stroke/TIA
- peripheral embolism (ischaemia in the extremities)
What are the consequences of venous thromboembolism?
Back pressure
- DVT
- PE
