Haemopoiesis, Spleen And Bone Marrow Flashcards
What is haemopoiesis?
The production of blood cells which occurs in the bone marrow.
What is differentiation determined by?
Hormone, transcription factors and interactions with non-haemopoietic cell types.
What is erythropoietin?
A hormone produced by kidney which stimulate red blood cell production
What is thrombopoietin?
A hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates production of platelets.
What are some functions of erythrocytes?
Deliver oxygen to tissues, carries haemoglobin, maintains haemoglobin in its reduced state, maintains osmotic equilibrium and generates energy.
What is spelnomegaly and why would the spleen grow?
An enlarged spleen. Causes: back pressure- portal hypertension in liver disease, over work, expanding as infiltrated by cells or by other material, reverting back to extramedullary haemopoiesis.
Describe hyposplenism.
A blood film reveals Howell-Jolly bodies. Causes: splenectomy- may be needed due to splenic rupture from trauma or cancer, sickle cell disease, GI disease e.g. coeliac/Crohn’s disease, autoimmune disorders e.g. rheumatoid disease.
What is cytopenia?
A reduction in the number of blood cells, …cytosis or …philia is an increaee in the number of cells
What is neutropenic sepsis?
A medical emergency where intravenous antibiotics must be given immediately.
Role of monocytes.
They differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells and phagocytose microorganisms. They have an antigen presenting role to lymphocytes and are important in defence against chronic bacterial infections.
Role of eosinophils
Responsible for immune response against multicellular parasites, phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes. An inappropriate activation is responsible for tissue damage and inflammation.
What are the three types of lymphocytes?
B cells (attack invaders outside cell), T cells (attack infected cells), and natural killer cells.
What’s the role of the RES?
To remove dead or damaged cells and identify and destroy foreign antigens in blood and tissues. RES cells in spleen dispose of blood cells.
