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1.1.1. Body Logistics > Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Hematopoietic stem cells?

A

multipotent, self-renewing progenitor cells that develop from mesodermal hemangioblast cells. All differentiated blood cells from the lymphoid and myeloid lineages arise from HSCs. Found in adult bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of WBC?

A

Lymphocytes, first line killers –> eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes

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3
Q

What is fibrin?

A

key protein in blood clots

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4
Q

What is a haemoglobin molecule made up of?

A

2 alpha, 2 beta chains, 4 haem groups, 4 iron atoms

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5
Q

Name the hematopoietic sites through development

A

York sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow

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6
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Reduced RBCs, WBCs, platelets

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7
Q

What is the role of a B cell?

A

Ab production

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8
Q

Name the function of a T cell?

A

Recognise foreign proteins, activate other cells, directly kill, Inhibit immune response

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9
Q

What does an NK cell do?

A

Stimulate virally infected/cancer cells to self-destruct

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10
Q

What is the function of a platelet?

A

Primary plug, surface for clotting factors to make the definitive fibrin clot

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11
Q

Where do platelets come from?

A

Megakaryocyte breaks of little pieces

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12
Q

Describe CML

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia = Philadelphia chromosome = bone marrow makes too many white blood cells

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13
Q

What regulates the production of platelets?

A

Thrombopoietin: also know as megakaryocyte growth and development factors

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14
Q

How is RBC production regulated?

A

Kidneys produce erythropoietin in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues

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15
Q

What regulates the proliferation of lymphocytes?

A

Interleukins

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16
Q

What is the name given to an immature RBC?

A

Reticulocyte

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17
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days

18
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Deficiency of RBCs or haemoglobin

19
Q

Describe the structure of a RBC

A

Biconcave shape, lipid bilayer (flexible), no nucleus, no organelles

20
Q

List the types of WBC

A

Eosinophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil, basophils, monocytes

21
Q

Name the APCs

A

Macrophages/monocytes, dendritic, B cells

22
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

The movement of a motile cell or organism corresponding the the gradient of increasing or decreasing conc of a particular substance

23
Q

Which cells are lymphocytes?

A

B cell, T cells

24
Q

What is an NK cell?

A

Stimulate sick cells (cancer, viruses) to self-destruct: apoptosis

25
Q

What is a dendritic cell?

A

APC to educate T cells, messenger between innate and adaptive immune system

26
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Involved in the inflammatory process, kills parasites

27
Q

What is the role of a B cell?

A

Lymphocyte, APC, produces antibodies

28
Q

What is a T cell?

A

Lymphocyte, recognise foreign proteins, active neutrophils, monocytes and B cells

29
Q

Describe what a macrophage is

A

Called a monocytes when in the blood, APC, first line defence, phagocyte

30
Q

What is a basophil?

A

Involved in the inflammation response (particularly allergic) = contain histamine, anticoagulant = contain heparin

31
Q

Describe the role of a neutrophil

A

First line defence immune cell, most abundant WBC

32
Q

What is heparin?

A

Found in basophils, anticoagulant = inactivates thrombin therefore preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

33
Q

What is histamine ?

A

Released by basophils and mast cells in response to injury/allergy/inflammation = dilation of capillaries, increased permeability of capillaries to WBCs and some proteins

34
Q

Which cells are phagocytic?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, B cells

35
Q

Which cells are granulocytes?

A

Characterised by presence of granules in cytoplasm: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

36
Q

What name is given to a rise in RBCs?

A

Polycythaemia

37
Q

A reduction in WBCs is called?

A

Leukopenia

38
Q

A rise in WBCs is called?

A

Leukaemia

39
Q

What is thrombocythemia?

A

Rise in the number of platelets

40
Q

What is the name given to a deficiency in platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

1.1.1. Body Logistics (22 decks)

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