Exploding Cells and Acid Trouble

Question 1

List the main differences between apoptosis and necrosis

Answer 1

A: programmed cell death, A: shrinking of cytoplasm N: swelling of cytoplasm, A: no inflam N: inflam, A: blebbing plasma mem N: plasma mem breaks, A: ATP N: no energy

Question 2

Why do necrotic cells burst?

Answer 2

failure of Na, K, ATPase (catalyse the decomposition of ATP into ADP) pump

Question 3

What are the stages of the Na K ATPase pump?

Answer 3

3Na 1ATP bind to pump, hydrolysis of ATP phosphorylates pump protein = changes shape = releases 3Na outside enables K to bind pump, pump releases P changing pump to original shape releasing K to interior of cell

Question 4

What is the definition of osmosis?

Answer 4

process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

Question 5

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 5

passive movement of molecules down conc gradient

Question 6

Define oncotic pressure

Answer 6

Oncotic pressure: form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel’s plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system.

Question 7

Describe a pathology that involves oncotic pressure

Answer 7

Cirrhosis: damaged liver = lower albumin in the blood = water moves from blood vessels to interstitial space = ascites

Question 8

In terms of pH, what does low perfusion mean?

Answer 8

Poor perfusion = anaerobic glycolysis = lactic acid production = low pH

Question 9

What test can we perform to measure a patient’s pH?

Answer 9

blood gas

Question 10

What is the definition of pH?

Answer 10

pH = -log[H+]