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402: OHP > Haemolytic anaemia > Flashcards

Haemolytic anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis is inherited in which fashion?

A

Autosomal dominant

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2
Q

What population is mainly affected by Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Northern Europeans

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3
Q

Causes of warm-type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

SLE

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Lymphoma

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4
Q

Causes of warm-type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

EBV infection and other viral infections

Lymphoma

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5
Q

Pathology of warm-antibody type haemolytic anaemia

A

Warm antibodies= IgG/IgA
- Ab bind to antigens on red cells and trigger immunological response

There is high disease activity at temperatures >37

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6
Q

Pathology of cold-antibody type haemolytic anaemia

A

Cold autoantibodies= IgM
- Finds to red cell antigens
- Disease activity highest at 0-4 degress

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7
Q

Cold type haemolytic anaemia presentation

A

Acrocyanosis

Raynaud phenomenon

Fatigue, malaise, dyspneoa

Pallor

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8
Q

Direct Coomb’s test findings for warm and cold type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Positive in both types

Warm type
- Antisera reacts with IgG

Cold type
- Antisera mainly reacts to complements

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9
Q

Management of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

In warm-type
- First line= steroids
- Second-line= DMARDs

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10
Q

G6PD deficiency is mainly inherited via what pattern?

A

X-linked recessive

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11
Q

Function of G6PD enzyme

A

In pentose phosphate pathway
- Protects red cells from oxidative damage and subsequent haemolysis

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12
Q

G6PD deficiency mainly affects what population?

A

Mediterraneans and Africas

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13
Q

What are the common triggers of
haemolytic anaemia in GG6PD deficiency?

A

Broad beans

Drugs
- Primaquine
- Nitrofurantoin
- quinolones
- Sulfonamides

Severe infection

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14
Q

Signs of G6PD deficiency

A

Pallor (anaemia)

Jaundice

Gallstones

Splenomegaly

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15
Q

What is the diagnostic test for G6PD deficiency

A

G6PD enzyme activity

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16
Q

Blood film findings for G6PD deficiency

A

Macrocytic red cells

Acute haemolysis
- Heinz bodies
- Bite cells

17
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis blood test findings
- FBC
- Blood film
- Coomb’s test

A

FBC
- Low Hb
- Raised Hct and MCHC

Blood filmd
- Spherocytes
- Reticulocytes

Coomb’s test= negative

18
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- Pathology

A

Sporadic mutation of haematopoietic stem cells
- Leads to the production of abnormal red cells, platelets and white cells

Loss of red cell surface proteins leads to activation of complement system= haemolytic anaemia

19
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- Presentation

A

Haemolytic anaemia
- pallor, fatigue
- Palpitations, reduced exercise tolerance
- jaundice
- Haemoglobinuria= Worse in the morning when urine is particularly concentrated

Thrombosis

Thrombocytopenia
- Bruising
- Menorrhagia

20
Q

Diagnostic findings for

A

402: OHP (9 decks)

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